What is the number one risk factor for Parkinson's disease?
Also the number one risk factor for Parkinson's disease, age. Age also increases the frequency of occurrence of Parkinson's disease progresses.
In other words, as in prostate, as in dementia. People long lives, will inevitably increase the risks?
One of the less their long-living. Another risk factor, significant head trauma. We mean by significant head injury, severe enough to cause loss of consciousness due to head trauma. In men than women seem a little more. Odds, l'e 1.5 'tour. However, protective factors can also look at if there is, he has an interesting observation: less than Parkinson's disease is seen in smokers.
Do you think it affected our patients over the age of a given? So reluctantly, let's not encourage smoking.
I got impressed. Because the damage smoking has done so much else that ... However, some ingredients in cigarettes should be certain that provides a protective effect. For example, nicotine in the brain by stimulating certain areas may be providing protection. We do our job, to recommend to people, not non-drinking, cigarette smoking, which factor in providing this protection really, it is a harmless way to identify and work with that factor. I do not see any objection to convey to him this finding. This was shown many times in different studies. In fact, everyone initially thought comes to mind in the first place, smokers die earlier than the elderly, and Parkinson's disease also occurs in humans to be naturally in the form of such a result. Subsequently a study was performed in China. Take a few thousand people watched over the years, smokers and nonsmokers, and looked at the emergence of many new cases of Parkinson's disease in smokers is seen less approved. Even a "dose-response" relationship they found, even, that most smokers risk groups, at least. One other observation about the coffee. Also thought to be a specific protective effect of coffee. The importance of this work for us, the people, "Smoking or coffee for the" not in the context of mean. It is important to find which mechanisms are displaying this effect and use it to treat disease.
Rastlanılıyor Parkinson's disease, how often and at what age is seen more?
The increasing incidence of Parkinson's disease, a disease with age. The average age of onset between 55-60, but 5 percent of patients under the age of 40 starts. Frequency of about 1 percent are thought to be over the age of 60-65. This percentage, when applied to the structure of Turkey's population, we estimate, around 120 thousand in our country is in the form of Parkinson's disease.
The number of patients with Alzheimer's remember that about 250 thousand. This means that the number of Parkinsonluların remains at the level of half of Alzheimer's patients ... As I mentioned above 5 percent, however, the disease starts under the age of 40, they are not included in this account. We are in this group the "young-onset Parkinson's" call. Us, we call sporadic, ie non-familial, occurring at random each family rather than Parkinson's disease in older age emerges. Although age of onset of the disease is likely to be genetic falls is rising so much, most of the starters under the age of 30, under the age of 20 starters, almost all of the types of cases are familial genetic disorders. Parkinson's disease can occur in young age is important to know. Sometimes, "But in this patient 30 years old, is at this age does Parkinson's," he falls sick relatives in doubt. Parkinson's disease can begin even in very young age. The youngest patient we have seen, the symptoms started about a sick, aged 14-15. Consanguineous marriage, born a boy, and found that carries a known genetic mutation.
This means that the risk of consanguineous marriages is increasing.
Yes consanguineous marriage increases the risk of familial Parkinson's disease. On the other hand will not notice a difference between the races.
Is more common in rural areas
So what way of life, Do you have a climate impact?
There is an interesting observation about life as follows: Parkinson's disease, those living in rural areas, is seen more frequently than those living in the city. Well water is more common in users.
Why are you so what my teacher?
Drugs used in agriculture is thought to play a role. The reason of such thought in the early 1980s the United States lies. He emerged in a short time in California a few years, Parkinson's disease, there is a lot of young professionals, attracted the attention of neurology. The neurologist (Dr. William Langston) explores the common characteristics of the patients. One part of the chemistry faculty of reading, trying to understand the drug on their own.
MPPP are trying to do the drug name. Students in the basement of their house to set up a small laboraruvar, they want to manufacture the drug. Dr. Identifying ways that the location of the laboratory Langston amateur, go, they have made of the last remaining example of in vitro drug-taking, analysis is building. Viewing that this drug is not MPPP, MPTP has been. MPTP is a highly toxic substance.
This toxic substance, affected the brains of young people?
Yes, but only one area of their brains, the main region affected in Parkinson's disease in the black beans. Subsequent experiments in this article it is understood that, just touch the black kernel kills cells elsewhere. MPTP'nin, this feature is very selective toxic Dr. Langston'ın observation and the ability to pursue the matter through bırakmayıp track driving on Parkinson's disease has become a very important finding. Black core is a substance called black color of the cells within the nöromelanin. Only cells that contain melanin in neuro-taking into MPTP'yi and, therefore, MPTP only harms the cells. MPTP'nin later when you look at the structure of the chemical used in agriculture as a major structural similarity is clear and certain drugs. That argument may be more common in Parkinson's agricultural areas where drugs were used.
Truly an amazing story, Dr. What information received from Langston. I think anything positive sciences is not coincidental.
Yes, I agree, Pasteur Remember, "Luck helps, but grew up heads." Dr. Langston is now in California, "James Fox, Parkinson's Institute" of the director. Significant contribution to research in the field was discovered MPTP'yi and Parkinson's. Now this material is used in animal models, such as monkeys generated model of Parkinson's disease. You know, the first stages of drug research is done on animals. A similar picture emerges when MPTP monkeys in human Parkinson. Here are the new drugs are tested in animal models of this type of human research before moving. His understanding of the mechanism of cell death for both MPTP'nin, as well as the creation of a model in terms of laboratory animals has been a great contribution to us.
The role of genetics
Returning again to genetic disease ...
The direction of familial Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease is the same under the hood as possible to examine two: First, familial predisposition. If you become ill first-degree relatives the risk of developing Parkinson sprung up to 2-3 times higher than those without a family is going. The second type of familial Parkinson's disease directly. Our knowledge in this area has increased rapidly in the last 8-10 years. To date, 10 of familial Parkinson's type is fully determined. Some of them, "çekkin genes" is a part of the "dominant genes" is made with. You know, people who carry two of every gene. Someone from the mother, the other one comes from the father. Çekkin genes last illness, if only one person has the defective gene there is no problem. When a gene is damaged two diseases occur together. This type of consanguineous marriage, çekkin genes carried by the emergence of more common diseases, because the relatives come to the same gene pool. If you have a family history of genetic disorders and the same family if he marries two people, two defective genes, the possibility of a combination of rising ...
If we question the dominant genes?
Some types of Parkinson's disease, caused by dominant genes. This type of genetic diseases carried by dominant genes in a single defective gene is sufficient for the emergence of the disease. 5 of 10 types of familial Parkinson's disease genes identified so far. Interestingly, almost all of these genes within a cell, the construction of some proteins, but rather the destruction of obsolete proteins.
How long will these developments happened?
In the last ten years. First, a large family of Italian origin, the first Parkinson's gene identified. It was a raid of this gene. Immediately after the first çekkin gene found in Japan. Then others began coming in rapidly.
Let us also mention a little familial or genetic features of Parkinson's disease?
Çekkin particular type of gene causes familial Parkinson's disease, can begin at an early age. In addition, some non-typical for Parkinson's disease patients show symptoms. The dominant genes to cause the different. Sometimes the same family, who carry the same gene, and stare, a part of the early starts, late starts in a part of. As a result, the disease began at a young age and also shows atypical features, then we suspect that genetic being. But other aspects of the genetic type of Parkinson's disease or atypical features show does not start at a young age. Genetic origin of some types of Parkinson's disease, called sporadic non-hereditary type göstermiyorlar no difference.
Both Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease and there is a lot about the still unknown.
Mechanism of thousands of scientists working on. But how can it be absorbed he still could not find the trigger?
Relatives of the patients, and patients sometimes also ask this question. "How is it still does not cure it. Medicine, he proceeded to say" they say. But the remedy of these diseases have to say, especially to stop and turn back the mean cell death, more or less equivalent to solving the mystery of life. If you know how cell death and aging of the people in a sense, we find the way to stop him, we found a way to prevent or even die. Understand the mechanism of cell death and is responsible for it to decrypt the genetic code of life as almost solve. Supposed to do this, not that easy.
Çözseniz this disease instead of the other diseases will be considered absolutely. You know, a full fifteen-twenty years ago, the disease appeared to have never known.
Historically, when you look at this way, the War with nature is always new obstacles, we also strive to overcome them. Maybe as you say that we find solutions to these diseases other diseases, problems may occur. Then you begin to fight with them.
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