Sleep Related Breathing Disorder

Snoring is as old as humanity's first built-in light periods in the transition from life in a remarkable situation, and was the subject of ridicule. The most important of these settlements, establishment of 7000 BC "Çatalhöyük near Konya, dating from the years with" kind. Humanity first began to snore a speculative approach and social impacts that are experiencing this situation can be said that the place of Çatalhöyük.


Sleep apnea, 19 been described in detail by the author Charles Dickens in the early years. Dickens "s, published in 1837" The posthumous Papers of The Pickwick Club "in his book," Pickwick "and explained what happened at the club," Joe "that's overweight servant, his eyes are half closed, almost standing, perception is weak, and very noisy depicted quite well.


I a 120 years after that, but Burwell and his colleagues in the journal American Journal of Medicine, along with extreme obesity Hypoventilation, Dickens' novel, inspired by the "Pickwick syndrome" as described.


Search for sleep in turning point for the first time in 1965 by Henri Gastaut PSG "has been the introduction of. This can be seen in the sleep apnea, the only thought that excessive. For the first time in 1972, demonstrated the presence of this disease to the normal. Obstructive sleep apnea is the term for the first time in 1973, Stanford University "at the sleep clinic who were used by Guilleminault et al. Guilleminault and colleagues also examined the effects of disease on the cardiovascular system.


The effects of sleep on breathing in the last decades, however, are fully understood.


Alterations in breathing during sleep

Matching resistive breathing during sleep period and the so-called voluntary and the autonomic system is controlled by two independent. While both systems during wakefulness, sleep during the medulla respiratory completely depends on the rhythm of autonomic respiratory control center. Normal sleep tidal volume, alveolar ventilation, blood gases, respiratory rate and rhythm of the significant changes are seen.


Changes of ventilated: Non-REM sleep, minute ventilation, tidal volume is equal to 5-10% due to a decrease (0.5-1.5 L / min) is reduced. Decrease in REM sleep, especially in the respiratory intensive eye movements is highly variable, and the minutes phasic REM period, 40% watched "Lara evident until arrive.


Changes in blood gases: alveolar ventilation during sleep with a reduction in PaCO 2 rises up to 2-8 mm Hg, PaO 2 and SaO 2 falls from 30 to 10 mm Hg is reduced to 1-2%.


Respiratory rate and rhythm when going outside: the first 10-60 minutes of wakefulness and non-REM sleep stage I-II transitions occur frequently between. Breathing is irregular. Reduction in tidal volumes and enhancements are tracked. Non-REM stage III-IV "fame with the start of breathing becomes regular, and completely under the control of the autonomic system. Phasic REM sleep and REM in particular "in the back of the irregular breathing, tidal volume is reduced, rapid and shallow breathing is observed.


All stages of sleep in Hypercapnic and hypoxic ventilatory response is reduced as well. Hypercapnic ventilatory response, non-REM period, 20-50%, "is thoroughly up to a reduction, REM became more obvious in the period.


Functional capacity UEL: stay in a supine position during sleep and REM period, functional residual capacity is reduced due to hypotonia of respiratory muscles.



Arousal side: hypercapnia during sleep, a stronger arousal Hypoxaemia (waking up). PaCO 2 "in the 6-15 and" Arousal causes increased health, SaO 2 "75% of the normal individual" to be falling.


Metabolism slows down metabolism and in the morning hours of sleep due begins to accelerate again. Ventilation during sleep is reduced in parallel with metabolism to slow down.

It was made ​​from G as sleep, respiratory system resistance increased, respiratory rate and

rhythm Gu is broken, chemical and mechanical receptors sensitivity and ventilation

LIGHT decreased, blood gases negative changes experienced, results as a period of the respiratory system is damaged.