Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

Circulation, the concentration of the contrast agent intravenously in the kidneys and urinary collecting system, disposal system, based on the basic diagnostic method. The current main indication hematuria, urinary tract calculus, ureteral strictures and fistulas, and to investigate the complex urinary tract infections. In addition, renal trauma, gynecological and colorectal malignancy operations before the ureters, kidneys transplant used to evaluate the donor. A day before the examination two hours after a light dinner, giving the patient a laxative cleaning is provided. Directly examine the abdominal X-ray, commencing with lying. Low-or high-water-soluble contrast studies of intravenous iodinated contrast media used. After injection, the kidneys, ureters and bladder in order to see the usually 3-5, 7-15 and 20-30. three minutes to obtain the X-ray. If necessary, spot X-ray is taken to the patient for the urinary bladder after micturition.


After 24 hours with one hour intervals radiographs can be taken if necessary.

Allergic reaction to contrast agents used during IVP make 5-10%, borderline diabetic patients with renal failure or renal failure caused by 25% be, pregnancy, and factors that restrict the use IVP thyrotoxicosis.


Retrograde urography


Cystoscopy catheters inserted into the ureters and calyces giving an opaque substance, is to fill the pelvis and ureters. Cystoscopy is performed under sterile conditions and catheterisation. Contrast material should be diluted and should be under fluoroscopic control. İVP not be done with multiple myeloma, high urea, in cases of acute failure and can not be seen İVP' pelvicaliceal is the purpose of demonstrating the system. The method of infection, sepsis, complications are common, such as renal papillary necrosis and extravasation.


Antegrade pyelography


To be shown on IVP and retrograde pyelography is not possible with the best, especially in patients with obstructive, is to show the location of the obstruction. Deposited in the patient prone. Under U.S. or fluoroscopic control with the stylus directly by entering the lumbar region, pelvis and calyceal system in the opaque material is enlarged. Opaque material falls down to his feet only after the patient was removed from the site of obstruction is determined.

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