Breast Imaging Methods

Breast Ultrasound: U.S., ultrasonic waves, and transducers that make up the image obtained by means of a diagnostic method. Ubiquitous, easy to administer, inexpensive, radiation-free. Breast examination should be used on high-resolution linear transducers. Five-twelve MH probe provides enough penetration. U.S. examination of the sagittal and transverse plane should be screened in all quadrants. Radiopaque lesions detected with mammography, U.S. evaluation of the internal structures of a method of unquestionable superiority. For this reason, today has to complement mammography. In addition, and without a palpable mass in women younger than 35 years should be chosen as the primary imaging method. U.S. examination of the breast is used for the following purposes.

1. Help prevent unnecessary biopsies.

2. Helps prevent unnecessary short-term follow-up.

3. Guidance for interventional procedures.

4. Asymmetric localization was detected with mammography, the mass density used to be ruled out.

5. Used in the evaluation of all the contours of the lesions can not be seen with mammography.


What is magnetic resonance imaging: MRI is a powerful magnetic field, radio frequency waves are sent into the tissues to vibrate from the image conversion is based on signals received from the tissues. Mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer is not yet the desired sensitivity. This failure led to the new orientation and the study of breast MRI has been used. MR have a high contrast spatial resolution, multiplanar images, ability to receive, does not include ionizing radiation, due to the dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging features such as allowing in addition to mammography and U.S. in particular can be applied in selected cases has become the diagnostic and problem solver. In several studies the use of intravenous contrast material enhancement was evident in breast carcinomas with a secret. MR dynamic contrast-enhanced lesion with contrast enhancement are important criteria to rule out malignancy in the absence. MRI, breast malignant lesions of the highest sensitivity in detecting breast imaging modality. In addition, high sensitivity for invasive breast cancer imaging,% 85-100,% 30-95 has a low specificity. MRI, diagnostic difficulties dens captured breasts, scar tissue resulting from surgery and radiation therapy with tumor differentiation recurrent, the evaluation of breast implant, breast-conserving surgery in patients with multifocal tumors, to be applied in determining the chest wall are used in the assessment of invasion into surrounding tissue masses was settled. Contrast enhancement pattern of morphologic findings and evaluation of a combination of conventional and selected cases of breast MR spectroscopy, diffusion and perfusion sequences, such as the addition of a special rate of false-positive diagnoses raise and lower the specificity.


Nuclear medicine: Breast scintigraphy in the diagnosis of breast cancer in a noninvasive imaging technique using a variety of radionuclides. Gallium 67, m Tc 99m methylene diphosphate (MDP), and somatostatin analogues in breast cancer, breast scans are routinely used today. Tc-99m (MIBI) breast scintigraphy to have high sensitivity and specificity of mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer screening as a way of elevating the value of breast cancer continues to protect the display. These tests also may be palpable breast mass is further enhanced in patients with benign pathologies provide additional information to distinguish malignant pathologies. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (F-18-FDG-PET) is not only the primary tumor but also to demonstrate the presence of lymph node and distant metastases, breast tissue density due to the interference than other imaging methods are valuable. But the images purpose is to detect disease at an early stage. For this reason, the biggest limiting factor in this small breast cancers were evident on the inability to detect. This inability to limit the use of screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic women.


Thermography: Thermography infrared heat emitted by the radiation-sensitive breast tumors are based on recording with a camera. Neoplasms other than benign conditions such as inflammation, and hyperplasia in the breast will cause a temperature rise is not specific for the method. Due to the high rate of false negative and false positive values ​​are not used for routine screening.


What is Galactography: galactography, used to assess patients with nipple discharge, a special catheter through the nipple duct after administration of contrast material into the method of mammographic examination. Patients with nipple discharge is the only method that allows the identification of intraductal pathology. This method of partial or complete obliteration of the duct, a very small mass lesions identified by mammography or clinical examination may. However, in cases where the presence of cancer research is completely normal features, such as benign and malignant lesions is not sufficient to show discrimination. Exact localization of the lesion with intraductal Galactography main purpose is to help making the correct surgical choice.

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