Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors

Identify the risk factors and their treatment, prevention of CAD in asymptomatic individuals (primary prevention) and recurrent CHD events in people with established disease prevention (secondary prevention) is required for. The frequency of atherosclerosis in epidemiological studies in different countries of the world, the development and progression of age, gender, life styles, eating habits and heredity factors and has revealed that interest. Systematic studies on the study of risk factors in humans, approximately the middle of the last century began. A prospective, population-based Tramingham Heart Study ', hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors has provided important evidence supporting a relationship between


Non-smoking


Non-use of the most important modifiable risk factor for CAD. Ischemic heart disease 35-to 40% of all smoking-related causes of deaths. Cigarette smoking is one of the most important risk factors and is of great importance due to the prevalence in our country. The risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac death in smokers than in non-smokers 2.7 times for men, women were 4.7 times more. Non-smoking, the most important preventable cause of mortality.


Diabetes Mellitus


Atherosclerosis in diabetic patients are more frequently and at an early age. Diabetes mellitus (DM), is an independent risk factor for CAD, men and women, respectively, two and four times increased risk of CAD. If artic summarized the effects of atherosclerosis in DM (46-48):

1. To lower HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and raise triglycerides

2. Small, dense LDL cholesterol, upgrade, upgrade of lipoprotein-a is

3. Fibrinogen and increase platelet aggregation

4. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 upgrade

5. Impair endothelial function

6. Can be explained by hyperinsulinemia.


Obesity


By the AHA as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease identified. Obesity prevalence in many countries all over the world, and increasingly has become a health problem reaching epidemic proportions. Which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, obesity is now recognized as a disease. There is in the early stages of obesity, metabolic and neuroendocrine changes. When left untreated metabolic changes in asymptomatic, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, appears to clinical presentation. Obesity is the square of height criteria of body weight which is the ratio of body mass index (BMI) is used.

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

The right coronary artery, pulmonary trunk and right atrium from the right sinus out of the posterior inter ventricular septum moves toward the right atrioventricular groove. Conus artery, usually the first branch of the right coronary artery. However, in some cases with conus artery may originate directly from the aorta. Sometimes it makes LAD anastomosis from the artery and the conus in a dalla 'Vieussens ring' is called. Sinoatrial node artery supplying the sinus node. Sinus node artery, proximal RCA 60%, 40% are divided into the proximal LCX 10. Artery supplying the atrioventricular node in 80% of the RCA and CX produces a variety of 20% has been reported to have originated from RCA, then the right ventricle, left anterior free wall of the feed branches. This branch, then the right ventricle, leaving the middle and distal RCA branch junction, called the acute marginal branch.


PDA and PLV branches of the RCA distal to the right of movement is divided into the current. If the LAD artery that feeds the heart's apex is a small PDA, the anterior one-third of the inter ventricular septum can to feed the apex around branches. RCA, right ventricle and the front 2 / 3 of fame, the heart's right side, right atrium and the inter ventricular septum in the posterior 1 / 3 of feeds reputation.

Left Main Coronary Artery (LMA)

Left main coronary artery (LMA). Behind the left atrium from the pulmonary trunk and the left atrioventricular groove. Usually at the level of the atrioventricular groove in the LAD, LCX arteries are divided into two branches forming. In some cases, as a third branch of the ramus intermedius differs. Ramus intermedius branch, first diagonal branch of the LAD artery showed a similar pattern with the left ventricular anterior progresses. 0.41% of the cases' when the left main coronary artery is not available. In this case, the LAD and LCX arteries, the left coronary sinus with separate ostia is directly derived from the left sinus.


Drawing to the left anterior artery (LAD)


Pattern left anterior artery (LAD), the anterior inter ventricular groove ligaments. Cases in 1 / 3 third of the proceeds apex. LAD, left anterior free wall of the ventricle, inter ventricular septum and the anterior septal branches sends diagonal branches. These branches are called in order of output. LAD, the inter ventricular septum in the anterior 2 / 3 of fame, the anterior and lateral wall of the left ventricle, the anterolateral papillary muscle and right ventricle anteromediyal part 1 / 3 of 'fame feeds.


The left circumflex artery (LCX)


The left circumflex artery (LCX), left atrioventricular groove and left ventricular lateral watching wide-angle obtuse marginal (OM) sends branches. They are numbered according to the approximate order of the main branch. LCX, left ventricle and the anterolateral papillary muscle from the left edge of some of the feeds. In addition, the left atrium with atrial branch of the front, side and rear part of the feed. LCX's size varies according to whether or not dominant.