Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors

Identify the risk factors and their treatment, prevention of CAD in asymptomatic individuals (primary prevention) and recurrent CHD events in people with established disease prevention (secondary prevention) is required for. The frequency of atherosclerosis in epidemiological studies in different countries of the world, the development and progression of age, gender, life styles, eating habits and heredity factors and has revealed that interest. Systematic studies on the study of risk factors in humans, approximately the middle of the last century began. A prospective, population-based Tramingham Heart Study ', hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors has provided important evidence supporting a relationship between


Non-smoking


Non-use of the most important modifiable risk factor for CAD. Ischemic heart disease 35-to 40% of all smoking-related causes of deaths. Cigarette smoking is one of the most important risk factors and is of great importance due to the prevalence in our country. The risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac death in smokers than in non-smokers 2.7 times for men, women were 4.7 times more. Non-smoking, the most important preventable cause of mortality.


Diabetes Mellitus


Atherosclerosis in diabetic patients are more frequently and at an early age. Diabetes mellitus (DM), is an independent risk factor for CAD, men and women, respectively, two and four times increased risk of CAD. If artic summarized the effects of atherosclerosis in DM (46-48):

1. To lower HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and raise triglycerides

2. Small, dense LDL cholesterol, upgrade, upgrade of lipoprotein-a is

3. Fibrinogen and increase platelet aggregation

4. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 upgrade

5. Impair endothelial function

6. Can be explained by hyperinsulinemia.


Obesity


By the AHA as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease identified. Obesity prevalence in many countries all over the world, and increasingly has become a health problem reaching epidemic proportions. Which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, obesity is now recognized as a disease. There is in the early stages of obesity, metabolic and neuroendocrine changes. When left untreated metabolic changes in asymptomatic, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, appears to clinical presentation. Obesity is the square of height criteria of body weight which is the ratio of body mass index (BMI) is used.