Skull bones, the bones of some of the extra time to time in the seventeenth century and the first time he has discussed this with the bones is called Olaus Worm'un. These bones, or parts of stitches merger (pterion, lambda, bregma, glabella os bregmaticurn points, or seams with names such as os epiptericum on it (on most os suturare lambdoid suture - the name of bones suturarum) Or, in a skull bone, sutures, away from can be found.
The head of the whole reading
Separately reviewed the skull. If we look at the whole of the merger of these bones in your head, behind the thick end of the ovoid see that it is a bone box.
Head, the dome of the skull or the upper part is a name, a name in the skull base is the lower section.
The boundary between the dome of the head and the floor in front junkie arches, behind the occipital d: Job çıkıntısından last, a horizontal plane. The dome of the head, forehead and bones skuama parts of the wall occurs. With the temporal and occipital bones of the skull base, sphenoid, and ethmoid makes subdivisions.
Combined with the bones of the head with each other, constitute the seams. Cranial base: pass through the blood vessels and nerves, there are many holes and channels.
Skull base, 1 / 3 with the front part of the many bones of the face, or rather, are joined with the upper part of the whole face. The merger between them; gözçukuru, ranges, such as occurred in the nasal cavities.
Both the head and the outer face and inner face of the head cavity, facial bones, the bones of the head and then we will see when reading a whole will be reviewed.
Showing posts with label Skull bones. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Skull bones. Show all posts
The bone wall pockets
Middle of the line with them, square in the head cavity, which make up a large part of the side walls, a pair of flat bone. Frontal behind, in front of occipital'in, located on the temporal and sphenoid. Work in a d i a i d. shows the four sides and four angles with two faces.
External face, this face to face is also called kafadışı; convex face of the lower part of this, more or less parallel to each other and the two lines are facing down konkavlıkları; alttakine line at the top above the upper temple is called temporal bottom line. (First, second, he sticks to fasiası temporal muscle). On these lines, bone kaypaktır.
Part of the wall showing the face of the bone, bony bump is called a maximum hilliness. This percentage is seen to be close to the upper edge and its rear section of the hole, is called the parietal foramen.
Internal face, also called intracranial side of the face, is a concave middle section with the greatest depression, the wall is called the bone pit. The face on the bottom edge of the upper edge later in the branched ducts, are called sulci arteriorum. This is near the upper edge of the face parts, the length of this edge in the half-groove, combined with the same bone in the same groove on the half will sagitalis'i sulcus. This is seen as close to the top edge of the bone of small pits, called pits are Pacchioni. This percentage is seen as close to the upper edge and its rear section of the foramen parietale'dir hole.
Sides, top edge, is threaded on the opposite side of the bone combined with the same edge, makes suturga sagitalis'l.
Lower edge, inwards from the edge of the cut vari pen, combined with the temporal pars sguamosa'si, makes suture parietotemporalis'i.
The front edge; frontaîle coronaüs'i combined makes suture.
Rear edge, combined with the occipital bone skuaması, makes suture lambdoides'i.
Angles, coronal and sagittal sutures of this bone meets the upper front angle coincides with the ground: this point is called the bregma.
Rear upper angle (angulus occipitalis), and sagittal sutures meet lamdoid coincides with the ground, which is called the lambda point.
Front-bottom angle; sphenoid wing is connected to the major. The frontal, and sphenoid parieral great wing of the united points, called pterion.
Rear-bottom angle, is between the occipital and temporal part of the mastoid. junction point of these three bones, called asterion.
External face, this face to face is also called kafadışı; convex face of the lower part of this, more or less parallel to each other and the two lines are facing down konkavlıkları; alttakine line at the top above the upper temple is called temporal bottom line. (First, second, he sticks to fasiası temporal muscle). On these lines, bone kaypaktır.
Part of the wall showing the face of the bone, bony bump is called a maximum hilliness. This percentage is seen to be close to the upper edge and its rear section of the hole, is called the parietal foramen.
Internal face, also called intracranial side of the face, is a concave middle section with the greatest depression, the wall is called the bone pit. The face on the bottom edge of the upper edge later in the branched ducts, are called sulci arteriorum. This is near the upper edge of the face parts, the length of this edge in the half-groove, combined with the same bone in the same groove on the half will sagitalis'i sulcus. This is seen as close to the top edge of the bone of small pits, called pits are Pacchioni. This percentage is seen as close to the upper edge and its rear section of the foramen parietale'dir hole.
Sides, top edge, is threaded on the opposite side of the bone combined with the same edge, makes suturga sagitalis'l.
Lower edge, inwards from the edge of the cut vari pen, combined with the temporal pars sguamosa'si, makes suture parietotemporalis'i.
The front edge; frontaîle coronaüs'i combined makes suture.
Rear edge, combined with the occipital bone skuaması, makes suture lambdoides'i.
Angles, coronal and sagittal sutures of this bone meets the upper front angle coincides with the ground: this point is called the bregma.
Rear upper angle (angulus occipitalis), and sagittal sutures meet lamdoid coincides with the ground, which is called the lambda point.
Front-bottom angle; sphenoid wing is connected to the major. The frontal, and sphenoid parieral great wing of the united points, called pterion.
Rear-bottom angle, is between the occipital and temporal part of the mastoid. junction point of these three bones, called asterion.
Temporal bone
Sides of your head, between sfenoidle occipital bone, parietal bone under the couple found that, prior to the birth occurred in three separate parts:
Pearl (squama) part of
Tympanic part
Part of the pyramid, or rock
Combined with each other during the development of these three tracks Dölyatağıiçi constitute the bone. After the birth of the unification of these three pieces are found in scars, suture.
Development; temporal'in pyramis'i newborn; major axis of the rear base of the pyramid is a forward and inward direction.
A vertical slide of the bone in Pars squamosa is dışyanmda pyramis'in top and are joined with him petrosguamosa fissure.
The tympanic part of the upper part of the public in the form of a bone is missing from the lower and outer side pyramis'in the two ends are combined with pars squamosa.
Later pyramis squama develops slowly and most base form, with the pars typanica'âa pyramis'in will change. Pyrams'in very thick base and nozzle by way of pars coming in and the spaces in the lower part of skuamanın mastoidea takes the form of the pyramid also combines with the open top in the shape of the ring and pars typanica takes the form of a groove and then we'll see some walls, bottom and rear walls of the front path dışkulak does. In this way the upper wall of the pars squamalis'den occurs, so that the temporal shape adult is quite varied. A temporal Erişgin şahısda 1) pars squamalis, 2) pars petrosa, 3) as the three tracks are mastoidea pars.
This is part of the bone, these three will be reviewed separately.
1. Pearl (Skuama) fragment; Outside flat into a semicircle outside the other is a part of this internal (endocranial) with two faces has a circumference.
Kafadışı face, this face with the top two-thirds one-third of sub-section, the first prominent horizontal ridge, is called the zygomatic prominence, which is one of the ledge the other is transverse to the length of the front to the back has two parts.
The top-down cross-section of the upper face of a depressed groove in the form of front to back. Lower the front to the back side of the temple into a convex bulge is called lokması or joint tubercle. Zygomatic the ledge with the transverse part of the front to the back part of the length of the junction of the most prominent place. Transverse zygomatic part of the ledge, front to the back portion separates into two: the front part, is free from front to back length and breadth basıkçadır; outer side convex, concave inner surface, the upper edge of this part of the actual process of blunt zygomaticus'dur sharp lower edge.
The front overhang of the free-end gear is combined with the temporal bone, zygomatic zygomatic arch complete.
Zygomatic temporal chunking of the rear overhang part, supramastoidea crest, before the name is located in a line up the flat after a sharp piece of skuama moved around to the back goes up.
Part of the external surface of temporal bone zygomatic skuama remaining on the part of the overhang, is convex and pürtüksüz pit temple to help the whole head, traces can be seen on the deep temporal arteries.
The remaining portion under the overhang part of the zygomatic Skuama, just now you said is related to the temporal skull base lokmasından (articular tubercle), another name of his hole, the axis of the mandible behind the front to the back outside to the inside and shows an elliptical depressions. Transverse slit in the middle of this pit, Glaser cleft (fissure petrotympanica) and divides it into two pits, the front portion of articular surface (facies articularis) is related to the joint is called the temple is located in skuama piece of them.
Glaser cleft behind the tympanic portion of the arthritic bone piramis olmıyarak piece is inside the border.
Intracranial face; Temporal bone skuama piece, in the recesses and protrusions in the face of intracranial brain to comply with the curves and grooves of the brain between them, still to be seen on the face of this vessel in the brain membranes in the troughs of the artery and its branches are meningica media.
Skuama circumference, attached to the bottom of this environment, the other two sections above can be reviewed independently.
Stuck behind division mastoidle sometimes without a trace, sometimes called a suture or suture can be seen mastoideosquamalis.
pyramis ahead with the merger, can be seen easily with the outside of cleft Glaser, the interior of this merger is with petrosquomalis fissure.
Two-thirds of a circle is the free part of the environment. In this environment the detriment of the lamina interna was cut from the inside out ahead kalemvari sphenoid wing with a large, if the above joint makes parietalle suture.
2. Part of the pyramid, or rock; Temporal bone this part; axis from front to back and inside out, cut the top of the front and rear inside and outside the base, quadrangular pyramid shape. Four faces of the pyramid, dörtkenarı, base and top will be reviewed. So two of the four front-upper, rear - headroom is in the top of the other two front - lower back - look at the bottom and head outside.
Pre-upper face, the face of a third of the back and front sections of two-thirds from the top of the inner ear caused by a semi-circular canal there is a ridge that is called eminentia arcuata. With a slit the length of the ledge in front of this, it extends forward a olukçuk and its outer side, is a second smaller olukcuk.
Near the top of the pyramid, a form of depression can make a finger, are pitting. Piyeste, who had settled in this çukurcuğa Gasser ganglion. Gasser called çukurcuğu.
This face in front of the eminentia and dışyanında arcuata'nın name tympani receives the remaining part of the lieutenant. A thin wall of the middle ear bones that make up this part of the wall built on top of the fissure is located in the petro-squamosa.
Rear-top face, a little before the middle of this side has the mouth of içkulak way. Continuing through the Bottom of this ağzm içkulak upper few millimeters and a length behind, called the fossa subaraıata are pitting.
However, a one and a half inches behind the mouth of içkulak way to trace a nail-like recess at the foot of the vestibular kanalcığının içkulakla are inside the mouth.
Front-bottom face, two-thirds of the face and the outer portion of the back bone to say in the development of the front wall of the tympanic bone, belongs to the path dışkulak a thin bone lamina consists of a slight concave and slippery. It also said part of the bone skuama mandibularis''in fossa, Glaser cleft behind the temple and had nothing to do with the joint belongs to the section. This bone laminin, styloid projection extending downward to wrap the bottom half of the section is called the processus vaginalis. The front section of the lower edge of the bone slide, called crista temporalis takes part and makes a sharp lower edge pyramis'in.
The remaining parts of the face in front of this bone laminin front lower part of the combined Skuama pyramisle bone at the top of this angle is an angle of one of the top of the other one is the lower of two small tubes, called Canalis musculotubalis similar to the tip of the double barrel channels in the upper half of the musculus tensor piyeste ortakulağın tympani'si is comprised of the underlying bone is the part of the tract Eustache. The two halves of the channel in front of the front lower face pyramis'in shows that this narrow groove in a groove the whole skull, sphenoid wing, combined with large and constitute a wide groove in the cartilage portion of pipe adjacent to the piyeste Eustache.
Rear-lower face; percent deemed this sort:
1) back to base pyramis'in united but separate from it, appears as ernbriyolojik protruding styloid. (This is the hyoid bone as the bone is related ernbriyolojik);
2) a hollow in the ledge behind it and it opened the mastoid foramen siylomastoideum (pyramis this hole in the bottom hole of the Fallopian canal);
3) styloid içyanında round the ledge, and a concave hole (foramen jugulare'yi this cup will do the whole head);
4) and the end of this cupping dışyanında a hole in a gutter;
5) in the jugular pit in front of the mouth of the external carotid canal;
6) Jacobson, kanalcığının between carotid through the external jugular pit hole;
7) carotid canal in front of the rough surface has a rough surface, the tip of the pharynx Eustache up part of the cartilage tube, soft palate, musculus levator muscles parent adheres to the Palatine.
Edges; Pyramis'in the top, front, rear and bottom are to be dörtkenarı.
The upper edge of the sulcus superior crista pyramidis piyeste petrosus seen in the sinus.
When the front edge, rear Glaser cleft, leading to the junction and head of the entire piece of temporal skuama pyramis with part of the angle in the spina ossis sfenoidis'in are settled.
The whole of the front edge of the front part of the skull through the foramen lacerum'u yapmağa help.
Behind the rear edge of the fossa jugularis jugularis'in indsura name on the back of the border area and dışyan shows a notch. The notch in the back of the head combined with the ragged hole in the whole occipital'in will co-notch. This is a small notch, divided into two sharp thorns.
Many times in front of the notch on the rear edge of the triangle is in the form of pitting fossula petrosa it had a name to the bottom of the hole is opened, such as cochlear outer kanalcığının piyeste Andersche ganglion is located within the pitting.
Lower edge, to distinguish them from the bottom of the back of the rear face of pyramis'in front lower part of the tympanic bone, we have seen before that the lower front face of the sharp lower edge of the lamina crest tympanica name. More drama in the front part of the cartilage part of the pipe, the groove has Eustache.
Base; Pyramis'in merged with part of the mastoid bone to the base of the whole immediately, only at the level of this merger in the face of the temporal bone dışyan dışkulak way to the mouth of his successor, the dışkulak ways. This Porus, the major axis of the elliptic form is true from top to bottom and front to back a little. Dışkulak way up the wall of the front bottom and rear walls of the tympanic bone skuamanın occurred.
Pyramis'in truncate the inner hole of the carotid canal (apertura interna canalis carotici) shows.
Hill, head of the whole body of the sphenoid wing, the angle between the entered, Pyramis'in tepesiyle, sphenoid wing, body, and a large gap between the circumference of which is indented. Torn hole in the front of the name, this range is called the sphenoid lingula divided into two parts with a pointed protrusion; içyandaki in the drama department is located in the internal artery caroüs; dışyandaki part is closed with a connective tissue is passed through the Nervi petros.
3. Mammiform part, this part of the temporal part of the back-and dışkulak way down the back; 2 / 3 section, with front and interior side pyramis, 1 / 3 section, with front and dışyanda skuama compound; kafadışı the face of it, an intracranial face the circumference of a
There.
Outer surface, on the face, sometimes instead of a merger with petrosa pars pars squamalis'in the suture mastoideosquamalis is no longer owned. This is steep: ş'n direction, back to front and top to bottom.
The outer surface of the mastoid part 3 / 4 rear and lower portion, the neck muscles of a part of the seal shows pürtüklülük, seen as close to the middle of the back edge of foramen mastoideum'dur holes. Mastoid part 1 / 4 front - the upper part is quite flat, where dışkulak yolunur, on the back and called spina suprameatum a small spinose ridge, immediately behind it, the average width of one centimeter square, perforated, and there is a field kalbursu.
The lower part of the outer surface of the mastoid segment, shows a downward protrusion, bulge, called the mastoid on the ledge dışyan face, the neck muscles pürtüklülük of adhesion bonds, as shown in the face of the ledge içyan biventer'in musculus off the back part of the stick, from the front-pearl mastoidea ideally located in a slot called, the more the inner side of this cleft, however, from front to back in the groove, passing through the artery is called piyeste (arteriae occipital sulcus).
Internal face: This is a concave depression in the whole of the head, the head space in the rear part of the occipital fossa crane to help. On this side, top to bottom and back to front direction, an S-shaped curve showing the groove, is called the sigmoid groove, the groove on the coast and back towards the center of the hole, the foramen mastoideum'un inner hole.
Around the mastoid segment; petrosa ahead with pars and pars squamosa parietal above, in the back and bottom eklemleşir occipitalle.
Temporal'in internal structure, within the bone: 1) entering the space structure of the ear. 2) carotid canal, 3) have the nerve channels.
1) entering the gaps in the structure of the ear are:
a) Dışkulak way
b) the middle ear (tympanic cavity and Eustache Ortakulağın pipe in pyramis: antrum and mastoid cells, mastoid is in part, they are betting the ear is reviewed.)
c) İçkulak (içkulağın bone fragment is in the ear pyramis bet is read.)
d) İçkulak path (içkulak way to read part of the bony labyrinth of the bone called the içkulağın also briefly review here lüzumludur içkulak way.)
içkulak way, this road called Porus acousticus internus, the rear-upper side of the oval form is pyramis'in mouth, the axis is curved from front to back and from the inside out: in piyeste statoacusticus nerve, facial nerve, nervus intermedius in the vestibular ganglion, the bottom of this road içkulakla is adjacent to a transverse crested the top and bottom are divided into two parts. Front and rear, including the top piece has two alancık; front alancıkta Falîop channel (facial nerve canal) is the beginning, with facial nerve enters into the hole is where the nerve intermedius'un pyramis; bottom will be the top - back in the holes and the area alancığı vestibularis takes utriculoampuüaris name; dalcıklar here will make up the balance nerve.
The bottom of the lower part of the way İçkulak alancık front and rear there are two, both of them perforated. Rear; vestibularis saccularis area, in front; tractus spiralis is foraminosııs name of which make up the yarns will be a hearing and balance nerves.
2) Carotid canal; interna'taa carotid artery passes through this channel, the back of the pyramid - the bottom because of the apertura externa canalis carotici begins with a vertical rise, and before and after a few millimeters, making an elbow doğrulur forward and inward, and the aperture at the top of the pyramid cut carotici ends with the internal canal.
3) Carotid - tympanic canal, carotid canal wall of the rising part of the starting dışyan the blood, thin and short piece of the front wall of the tympanic ortakulağın goes in, the same name has the nerve and artery.
4) Falloppia channel; İçkulak way to the top of the bottom - beginning with the front of the foramen stylomastoideum'da alacığından ending in this channel, there are intermedius nerve with facial nerve. This channel pyramis lead through the three separate line, among them three-section shows two elbows.
The first part is 3 to 4 millimeters is a little forward and outward direction is vertical and pyramise.
The second part is up to an inch, back toward the outside and down a bit, almost parallel to the pyramid indicates a situation.
Between these two parts, the first bend of the channel there is, on the front of the upper pyramis'in are combined with the hiatus canalis facialis Nervi.
The third part of the channel is up to 10-15 miimetre, second elbow between the second section, starting your own foramen stylo-mastoideum'da ends with a vertical direction.
5) Jacobson, channels, Fossa jugularis'le canal caroticus'un d: Work from the hole, the hole is located in the bottom of this channel. This channel is starting up and dışyana toward the hole, part of the lower wall of the tympanic ortakulağın opens.
6) kanalcığı mastoid; Fossa jugularis'in, dışyan wall and a thin groove on the tip of the small tubes in the starting hole, and combines with the last part Falloppia channel.
Pearl (squama) part of
Tympanic part
Part of the pyramid, or rock
Combined with each other during the development of these three tracks Dölyatağıiçi constitute the bone. After the birth of the unification of these three pieces are found in scars, suture.
Development; temporal'in pyramis'i newborn; major axis of the rear base of the pyramid is a forward and inward direction.
A vertical slide of the bone in Pars squamosa is dışyanmda pyramis'in top and are joined with him petrosguamosa fissure.
The tympanic part of the upper part of the public in the form of a bone is missing from the lower and outer side pyramis'in the two ends are combined with pars squamosa.
Later pyramis squama develops slowly and most base form, with the pars typanica'âa pyramis'in will change. Pyrams'in very thick base and nozzle by way of pars coming in and the spaces in the lower part of skuamanın mastoidea takes the form of the pyramid also combines with the open top in the shape of the ring and pars typanica takes the form of a groove and then we'll see some walls, bottom and rear walls of the front path dışkulak does. In this way the upper wall of the pars squamalis'den occurs, so that the temporal shape adult is quite varied. A temporal Erişgin şahısda 1) pars squamalis, 2) pars petrosa, 3) as the three tracks are mastoidea pars.
This is part of the bone, these three will be reviewed separately.
1. Pearl (Skuama) fragment; Outside flat into a semicircle outside the other is a part of this internal (endocranial) with two faces has a circumference.
Kafadışı face, this face with the top two-thirds one-third of sub-section, the first prominent horizontal ridge, is called the zygomatic prominence, which is one of the ledge the other is transverse to the length of the front to the back has two parts.
The top-down cross-section of the upper face of a depressed groove in the form of front to back. Lower the front to the back side of the temple into a convex bulge is called lokması or joint tubercle. Zygomatic the ledge with the transverse part of the front to the back part of the length of the junction of the most prominent place. Transverse zygomatic part of the ledge, front to the back portion separates into two: the front part, is free from front to back length and breadth basıkçadır; outer side convex, concave inner surface, the upper edge of this part of the actual process of blunt zygomaticus'dur sharp lower edge.
The front overhang of the free-end gear is combined with the temporal bone, zygomatic zygomatic arch complete.
Zygomatic temporal chunking of the rear overhang part, supramastoidea crest, before the name is located in a line up the flat after a sharp piece of skuama moved around to the back goes up.
Part of the external surface of temporal bone zygomatic skuama remaining on the part of the overhang, is convex and pürtüksüz pit temple to help the whole head, traces can be seen on the deep temporal arteries.
The remaining portion under the overhang part of the zygomatic Skuama, just now you said is related to the temporal skull base lokmasından (articular tubercle), another name of his hole, the axis of the mandible behind the front to the back outside to the inside and shows an elliptical depressions. Transverse slit in the middle of this pit, Glaser cleft (fissure petrotympanica) and divides it into two pits, the front portion of articular surface (facies articularis) is related to the joint is called the temple is located in skuama piece of them.
Glaser cleft behind the tympanic portion of the arthritic bone piramis olmıyarak piece is inside the border.
Intracranial face; Temporal bone skuama piece, in the recesses and protrusions in the face of intracranial brain to comply with the curves and grooves of the brain between them, still to be seen on the face of this vessel in the brain membranes in the troughs of the artery and its branches are meningica media.
Skuama circumference, attached to the bottom of this environment, the other two sections above can be reviewed independently.
Stuck behind division mastoidle sometimes without a trace, sometimes called a suture or suture can be seen mastoideosquamalis.
pyramis ahead with the merger, can be seen easily with the outside of cleft Glaser, the interior of this merger is with petrosquomalis fissure.
Two-thirds of a circle is the free part of the environment. In this environment the detriment of the lamina interna was cut from the inside out ahead kalemvari sphenoid wing with a large, if the above joint makes parietalle suture.
2. Part of the pyramid, or rock; Temporal bone this part; axis from front to back and inside out, cut the top of the front and rear inside and outside the base, quadrangular pyramid shape. Four faces of the pyramid, dörtkenarı, base and top will be reviewed. So two of the four front-upper, rear - headroom is in the top of the other two front - lower back - look at the bottom and head outside.
Pre-upper face, the face of a third of the back and front sections of two-thirds from the top of the inner ear caused by a semi-circular canal there is a ridge that is called eminentia arcuata. With a slit the length of the ledge in front of this, it extends forward a olukçuk and its outer side, is a second smaller olukcuk.
Near the top of the pyramid, a form of depression can make a finger, are pitting. Piyeste, who had settled in this çukurcuğa Gasser ganglion. Gasser called çukurcuğu.
This face in front of the eminentia and dışyanında arcuata'nın name tympani receives the remaining part of the lieutenant. A thin wall of the middle ear bones that make up this part of the wall built on top of the fissure is located in the petro-squamosa.
Rear-top face, a little before the middle of this side has the mouth of içkulak way. Continuing through the Bottom of this ağzm içkulak upper few millimeters and a length behind, called the fossa subaraıata are pitting.
However, a one and a half inches behind the mouth of içkulak way to trace a nail-like recess at the foot of the vestibular kanalcığının içkulakla are inside the mouth.
Front-bottom face, two-thirds of the face and the outer portion of the back bone to say in the development of the front wall of the tympanic bone, belongs to the path dışkulak a thin bone lamina consists of a slight concave and slippery. It also said part of the bone skuama mandibularis''in fossa, Glaser cleft behind the temple and had nothing to do with the joint belongs to the section. This bone laminin, styloid projection extending downward to wrap the bottom half of the section is called the processus vaginalis. The front section of the lower edge of the bone slide, called crista temporalis takes part and makes a sharp lower edge pyramis'in.
The remaining parts of the face in front of this bone laminin front lower part of the combined Skuama pyramisle bone at the top of this angle is an angle of one of the top of the other one is the lower of two small tubes, called Canalis musculotubalis similar to the tip of the double barrel channels in the upper half of the musculus tensor piyeste ortakulağın tympani'si is comprised of the underlying bone is the part of the tract Eustache. The two halves of the channel in front of the front lower face pyramis'in shows that this narrow groove in a groove the whole skull, sphenoid wing, combined with large and constitute a wide groove in the cartilage portion of pipe adjacent to the piyeste Eustache.
Rear-lower face; percent deemed this sort:
1) back to base pyramis'in united but separate from it, appears as ernbriyolojik protruding styloid. (This is the hyoid bone as the bone is related ernbriyolojik);
2) a hollow in the ledge behind it and it opened the mastoid foramen siylomastoideum (pyramis this hole in the bottom hole of the Fallopian canal);
3) styloid içyanında round the ledge, and a concave hole (foramen jugulare'yi this cup will do the whole head);
4) and the end of this cupping dışyanında a hole in a gutter;
5) in the jugular pit in front of the mouth of the external carotid canal;
6) Jacobson, kanalcığının between carotid through the external jugular pit hole;
7) carotid canal in front of the rough surface has a rough surface, the tip of the pharynx Eustache up part of the cartilage tube, soft palate, musculus levator muscles parent adheres to the Palatine.
Edges; Pyramis'in the top, front, rear and bottom are to be dörtkenarı.
The upper edge of the sulcus superior crista pyramidis piyeste petrosus seen in the sinus.
When the front edge, rear Glaser cleft, leading to the junction and head of the entire piece of temporal skuama pyramis with part of the angle in the spina ossis sfenoidis'in are settled.
The whole of the front edge of the front part of the skull through the foramen lacerum'u yapmağa help.
Behind the rear edge of the fossa jugularis jugularis'in indsura name on the back of the border area and dışyan shows a notch. The notch in the back of the head combined with the ragged hole in the whole occipital'in will co-notch. This is a small notch, divided into two sharp thorns.
Many times in front of the notch on the rear edge of the triangle is in the form of pitting fossula petrosa it had a name to the bottom of the hole is opened, such as cochlear outer kanalcığının piyeste Andersche ganglion is located within the pitting.
Lower edge, to distinguish them from the bottom of the back of the rear face of pyramis'in front lower part of the tympanic bone, we have seen before that the lower front face of the sharp lower edge of the lamina crest tympanica name. More drama in the front part of the cartilage part of the pipe, the groove has Eustache.
Base; Pyramis'in merged with part of the mastoid bone to the base of the whole immediately, only at the level of this merger in the face of the temporal bone dışyan dışkulak way to the mouth of his successor, the dışkulak ways. This Porus, the major axis of the elliptic form is true from top to bottom and front to back a little. Dışkulak way up the wall of the front bottom and rear walls of the tympanic bone skuamanın occurred.
Pyramis'in truncate the inner hole of the carotid canal (apertura interna canalis carotici) shows.
Hill, head of the whole body of the sphenoid wing, the angle between the entered, Pyramis'in tepesiyle, sphenoid wing, body, and a large gap between the circumference of which is indented. Torn hole in the front of the name, this range is called the sphenoid lingula divided into two parts with a pointed protrusion; içyandaki in the drama department is located in the internal artery caroüs; dışyandaki part is closed with a connective tissue is passed through the Nervi petros.
3. Mammiform part, this part of the temporal part of the back-and dışkulak way down the back; 2 / 3 section, with front and interior side pyramis, 1 / 3 section, with front and dışyanda skuama compound; kafadışı the face of it, an intracranial face the circumference of a
There.
Outer surface, on the face, sometimes instead of a merger with petrosa pars pars squamalis'in the suture mastoideosquamalis is no longer owned. This is steep: ş'n direction, back to front and top to bottom.
The outer surface of the mastoid part 3 / 4 rear and lower portion, the neck muscles of a part of the seal shows pürtüklülük, seen as close to the middle of the back edge of foramen mastoideum'dur holes. Mastoid part 1 / 4 front - the upper part is quite flat, where dışkulak yolunur, on the back and called spina suprameatum a small spinose ridge, immediately behind it, the average width of one centimeter square, perforated, and there is a field kalbursu.
The lower part of the outer surface of the mastoid segment, shows a downward protrusion, bulge, called the mastoid on the ledge dışyan face, the neck muscles pürtüklülük of adhesion bonds, as shown in the face of the ledge içyan biventer'in musculus off the back part of the stick, from the front-pearl mastoidea ideally located in a slot called, the more the inner side of this cleft, however, from front to back in the groove, passing through the artery is called piyeste (arteriae occipital sulcus).
Internal face: This is a concave depression in the whole of the head, the head space in the rear part of the occipital fossa crane to help. On this side, top to bottom and back to front direction, an S-shaped curve showing the groove, is called the sigmoid groove, the groove on the coast and back towards the center of the hole, the foramen mastoideum'un inner hole.
Around the mastoid segment; petrosa ahead with pars and pars squamosa parietal above, in the back and bottom eklemleşir occipitalle.
Temporal'in internal structure, within the bone: 1) entering the space structure of the ear. 2) carotid canal, 3) have the nerve channels.
1) entering the gaps in the structure of the ear are:
a) Dışkulak way
b) the middle ear (tympanic cavity and Eustache Ortakulağın pipe in pyramis: antrum and mastoid cells, mastoid is in part, they are betting the ear is reviewed.)
c) İçkulak (içkulağın bone fragment is in the ear pyramis bet is read.)
d) İçkulak path (içkulak way to read part of the bony labyrinth of the bone called the içkulağın also briefly review here lüzumludur içkulak way.)
içkulak way, this road called Porus acousticus internus, the rear-upper side of the oval form is pyramis'in mouth, the axis is curved from front to back and from the inside out: in piyeste statoacusticus nerve, facial nerve, nervus intermedius in the vestibular ganglion, the bottom of this road içkulakla is adjacent to a transverse crested the top and bottom are divided into two parts. Front and rear, including the top piece has two alancık; front alancıkta Falîop channel (facial nerve canal) is the beginning, with facial nerve enters into the hole is where the nerve intermedius'un pyramis; bottom will be the top - back in the holes and the area alancığı vestibularis takes utriculoampuüaris name; dalcıklar here will make up the balance nerve.
The bottom of the lower part of the way İçkulak alancık front and rear there are two, both of them perforated. Rear; vestibularis saccularis area, in front; tractus spiralis is foraminosııs name of which make up the yarns will be a hearing and balance nerves.
2) Carotid canal; interna'taa carotid artery passes through this channel, the back of the pyramid - the bottom because of the apertura externa canalis carotici begins with a vertical rise, and before and after a few millimeters, making an elbow doğrulur forward and inward, and the aperture at the top of the pyramid cut carotici ends with the internal canal.
3) Carotid - tympanic canal, carotid canal wall of the rising part of the starting dışyan the blood, thin and short piece of the front wall of the tympanic ortakulağın goes in, the same name has the nerve and artery.
4) Falloppia channel; İçkulak way to the top of the bottom - beginning with the front of the foramen stylomastoideum'da alacığından ending in this channel, there are intermedius nerve with facial nerve. This channel pyramis lead through the three separate line, among them three-section shows two elbows.
The first part is 3 to 4 millimeters is a little forward and outward direction is vertical and pyramise.
The second part is up to an inch, back toward the outside and down a bit, almost parallel to the pyramid indicates a situation.
Between these two parts, the first bend of the channel there is, on the front of the upper pyramis'in are combined with the hiatus canalis facialis Nervi.
The third part of the channel is up to 10-15 miimetre, second elbow between the second section, starting your own foramen stylo-mastoideum'da ends with a vertical direction.
5) Jacobson, channels, Fossa jugularis'le canal caroticus'un d: Work from the hole, the hole is located in the bottom of this channel. This channel is starting up and dışyana toward the hole, part of the lower wall of the tympanic ortakulağın opens.
6) kanalcığı mastoid; Fossa jugularis'in, dışyan wall and a thin groove on the tip of the small tubes in the starting hole, and combines with the last part Falloppia channel.
Frontal
Get the bone - the frontal
Wide and the vertical portion of the front of the head with a piece of sedefsi; the horizontal part of the eye sockets with a bone to help yapmağa.
Thus, can be divided into two parts:
1) the vertical part, above the vertical and transverse (frontal case), as a concave rear face of the front portion of the skull makes the name of this piece is squama frontalis.
2) a horizontal track, the orbito-nasal track name at the bottom and takes a horizontal position. This is the second part has caused the sides to orbitaları pars orbitalis, pars nasalis to be associated with the middle part of the nasal cavities is called.
Bulundurulunca the whole thing into consideration, a frontal internal (intracranial), the other is external (kafadışı) with a circumference of two faces, can be addressed.
A. Head off-side, this is one of hundreds of vertical, one horizontal combining them in two departments indicates orbito nasal edge.
The vertical part of the front convex, middle line shows the two sides of your tabs. Yapmağa hole, a small temple to help the sides are concave yüzcük. Kafadışı deemed the face of the sort
1) on the Central line, called a sewing metopica suture can be seen as a rare, but many times after birth can be found traces of the lower parts of the sewing is lost in the middle of the line.
2) Central line on the bottom, a large ridge glabella,
3) the length of the sides and opening his brow ridge belt showing a downward concavity,
4) They rounded the top and sides of the center line is a large mound that the latter two prominence in young people.
5) More on the sides, the temple name of line and the vertical part of the convex surface of the bone kafadışı concave section located between the sides of the front surface of a temporal line, (This is the beginning of the skeleton makes Unea temporalis superior).
6) Finally, the dışyanda, triangular-shaped light in a concave surface (facies temporalis ossis frontalis) are seen.
Horizontal track, the center forward and downward konkavlığı shows a notch. Toothed edges of the nasal bones içyanda this notch, with the overhang of the frontal bone of the upper jaw birlcş'r dışyanda. Orbito-nasal portion of spina nasalis sides of the horizontal piece, the sides of their mouth apertura sinus frontalis, sinus frontalis'in there.
This track is seen in the middle of the ethmoid notch. very rough edge of the notch in the skeleton merge etmoidle. In front of the notch and ledge in the middle of this sim is called spina nasalis. The three-sided pyramid shaped hill above the base below the nasal bones in the skeleton, this is a rough thorn combines with the front face. Rear faces to help the roof of the nasal cavities. And the vertical ridge on the back of the middle vertical laminası etmodin united.
Extending from the sides and behind the front to the back surface of the ethmoid çentiğinin this with each other on the half-cells are separated by a thin lamellerle. Half the upper surface of the pits, called ethmoidea Foveollae ethmoid cells in a cell will fully merge. This is right on the left between the two half cells, one groove-shaped grooves combined with a half ahead of the same channels ethmoid canal canal orbitocranialis orbitoethmoideus'u will bring back.
There are two triangular-shaped concave trough along a horizontal track called facies orbitalis and look at the top of the pit wall in the small depressions on this surface dışyanda lacrimal gland fossa; içyanda and leading a small dent in the other is called foveola trochlearis. (Piyeste this cupping the tear gland found in the first and the second on the beam in the m obliguus superior trochlea of the stick)
Orbito-nasal edge, this is one of the two sides in the middle there are three belts. Outside edges of the toothed belt in the middle and upper jaw bone içyanda nasal bones skeleton merge with the frontal overhang. Is the upper edges of the side arches of the orbit, parts of these arches dışyan blunt inner side sections are sharp. The side straps are sometimes a notch on the center line three inches dışyanında sometimes has a hole that inclsura supraorbital notch or foramen and supraorbital vessels and nerves through this hole in name.
Ends with a bulge in the form of prismatic outer ends of the side arches, the protrusion of the zygomatic process is called zygomaticus ossis frontal bone skeleton merge with the upper angle.
B. In the face of the head, the face of a rear-facing concavity opening shows in general, this is one of the faces in the vertical as well as head off the face of one of the two surfaces are horizontal. Both of them are those seen on. Ethmoid from the bottom up over the center line just above the foramen caecum çentiğinin name of the blind hole, which extends upward over the month as a comb and then divided into two acuity to disappear towards the top edge of the bone crest is ongoing. Water ibig beginning of the frontal crest, the groove in between the next ikileşerek sagitalis is called the sulcus, this small and thriving in the gutter with them: 'Job pits Paccioni bodies are called pits.
Sides, as both sides of the ethmoid çentiğinin konveksliği indented above the horizontal surface facing up, and pars on the face of intracranial orbitalis'in impresiones gyrorum indents, tabs are juga cerebralia name that curves komşudurlar piyeste brain.
C. Circumference of the bone, the bone around the above, one of the two semi-circular edge horizontally below shows the other one. Skeleton is a semi-circular edge higher gear, base: the junction section to the parietal bone is called margo parietalis. The top section edge from the inside out, outside to the inside bottom section means your pen vari this edge, the lower part of the great wing of sphenoid joins with the skeleton.
Horizontal part of the ethmoid notch in the middle of the environment by showing them the whole length of the small wing of sphenoid and adjacent skeleton.
Between the upper and lower parts of the environment on the sides of the thick and blunt wing corner with a large skeleton joins the sphenoid.
Get sinus, bone, internal and external laminası iaminası eyebrow arches and the straight line between the left and right, in the form of a triangular pyramid called the septum area in between the spaces separated by a partition is called the frontal sinus, ethmoid notch in the skeleton as seen in this sinusiar them a little before and a half in front of the aperture of cells name of the frontal sinus through the hole in the nasal cavities and ethmoid infudibulumu medium measına opened.
Wide and the vertical portion of the front of the head with a piece of sedefsi; the horizontal part of the eye sockets with a bone to help yapmağa.
Thus, can be divided into two parts:
1) the vertical part, above the vertical and transverse (frontal case), as a concave rear face of the front portion of the skull makes the name of this piece is squama frontalis.
2) a horizontal track, the orbito-nasal track name at the bottom and takes a horizontal position. This is the second part has caused the sides to orbitaları pars orbitalis, pars nasalis to be associated with the middle part of the nasal cavities is called.
Bulundurulunca the whole thing into consideration, a frontal internal (intracranial), the other is external (kafadışı) with a circumference of two faces, can be addressed.
A. Head off-side, this is one of hundreds of vertical, one horizontal combining them in two departments indicates orbito nasal edge.
The vertical part of the front convex, middle line shows the two sides of your tabs. Yapmağa hole, a small temple to help the sides are concave yüzcük. Kafadışı deemed the face of the sort
1) on the Central line, called a sewing metopica suture can be seen as a rare, but many times after birth can be found traces of the lower parts of the sewing is lost in the middle of the line.
2) Central line on the bottom, a large ridge glabella,
3) the length of the sides and opening his brow ridge belt showing a downward concavity,
4) They rounded the top and sides of the center line is a large mound that the latter two prominence in young people.
5) More on the sides, the temple name of line and the vertical part of the convex surface of the bone kafadışı concave section located between the sides of the front surface of a temporal line, (This is the beginning of the skeleton makes Unea temporalis superior).
6) Finally, the dışyanda, triangular-shaped light in a concave surface (facies temporalis ossis frontalis) are seen.
Horizontal track, the center forward and downward konkavlığı shows a notch. Toothed edges of the nasal bones içyanda this notch, with the overhang of the frontal bone of the upper jaw birlcş'r dışyanda. Orbito-nasal portion of spina nasalis sides of the horizontal piece, the sides of their mouth apertura sinus frontalis, sinus frontalis'in there.
This track is seen in the middle of the ethmoid notch. very rough edge of the notch in the skeleton merge etmoidle. In front of the notch and ledge in the middle of this sim is called spina nasalis. The three-sided pyramid shaped hill above the base below the nasal bones in the skeleton, this is a rough thorn combines with the front face. Rear faces to help the roof of the nasal cavities. And the vertical ridge on the back of the middle vertical laminası etmodin united.
Extending from the sides and behind the front to the back surface of the ethmoid çentiğinin this with each other on the half-cells are separated by a thin lamellerle. Half the upper surface of the pits, called ethmoidea Foveollae ethmoid cells in a cell will fully merge. This is right on the left between the two half cells, one groove-shaped grooves combined with a half ahead of the same channels ethmoid canal canal orbitocranialis orbitoethmoideus'u will bring back.
There are two triangular-shaped concave trough along a horizontal track called facies orbitalis and look at the top of the pit wall in the small depressions on this surface dışyanda lacrimal gland fossa; içyanda and leading a small dent in the other is called foveola trochlearis. (Piyeste this cupping the tear gland found in the first and the second on the beam in the m obliguus superior trochlea of the stick)
Orbito-nasal edge, this is one of the two sides in the middle there are three belts. Outside edges of the toothed belt in the middle and upper jaw bone içyanda nasal bones skeleton merge with the frontal overhang. Is the upper edges of the side arches of the orbit, parts of these arches dışyan blunt inner side sections are sharp. The side straps are sometimes a notch on the center line three inches dışyanında sometimes has a hole that inclsura supraorbital notch or foramen and supraorbital vessels and nerves through this hole in name.
Ends with a bulge in the form of prismatic outer ends of the side arches, the protrusion of the zygomatic process is called zygomaticus ossis frontal bone skeleton merge with the upper angle.
B. In the face of the head, the face of a rear-facing concavity opening shows in general, this is one of the faces in the vertical as well as head off the face of one of the two surfaces are horizontal. Both of them are those seen on. Ethmoid from the bottom up over the center line just above the foramen caecum çentiğinin name of the blind hole, which extends upward over the month as a comb and then divided into two acuity to disappear towards the top edge of the bone crest is ongoing. Water ibig beginning of the frontal crest, the groove in between the next ikileşerek sagitalis is called the sulcus, this small and thriving in the gutter with them: 'Job pits Paccioni bodies are called pits.
Sides, as both sides of the ethmoid çentiğinin konveksliği indented above the horizontal surface facing up, and pars on the face of intracranial orbitalis'in impresiones gyrorum indents, tabs are juga cerebralia name that curves komşudurlar piyeste brain.
C. Circumference of the bone, the bone around the above, one of the two semi-circular edge horizontally below shows the other one. Skeleton is a semi-circular edge higher gear, base: the junction section to the parietal bone is called margo parietalis. The top section edge from the inside out, outside to the inside bottom section means your pen vari this edge, the lower part of the great wing of sphenoid joins with the skeleton.
Horizontal part of the ethmoid notch in the middle of the environment by showing them the whole length of the small wing of sphenoid and adjacent skeleton.
Between the upper and lower parts of the environment on the sides of the thick and blunt wing corner with a large skeleton joins the sphenoid.
Get sinus, bone, internal and external laminası iaminası eyebrow arches and the straight line between the left and right, in the form of a triangular pyramid called the septum area in between the spaces separated by a partition is called the frontal sinus, ethmoid notch in the skeleton as seen in this sinusiar them a little before and a half in front of the aperture of cells name of the frontal sinus through the hole in the nasal cavities and ethmoid infudibulumu medium measına opened.
Basic Bone Sphenoid Bone Kamas
Basic bone, wedge bone, sphenoid
Skull base, middle section, in front of etmoid'le frontal'in oecipital'in temporal'le behind the bone, with a single view of the front wings open like a bat. This is one medium piece of bone, body (corpus), the two sides and a bottom, there are three double overhang. We are here, respectively: 1) body (corpus), 2) small wings, 3) big wings, 4) will review the wingless overhang.
1) sphenoid body, irregular, and the cubic body has six face.
The upper face, transverse to the groove in the middle of this side is called the sulcus opticus that the end of this sülcus'un on both sides, with stretches optic canal fasciculi. This groove upper face of the object is allocated to two, the front of the cross section is flat and rectangular in the form of name sphenoideum is my plan, this flat area extends yanlan small wings, called the planum sphenoideus linibus aside from the sulcus.
The upper part of the face behind the groove shows that if the form of a cup in the pituitary fossa hypophiseos or the Turks settled in this pit called Saddle. Sulcus opticus transverse ridge behind the front of this pit is called tubercle sella. The two sides of the small ledge in the middle tubercle transverse process of the sphenoid or sella medius is called overhang. Sınırlatan has a rear overhang of the upper turcica'yı sella. Transverse case, the two ends of the ledge or the process of klinoid rear overhangs takes dorsi sella name. The front overhang of the cross name dorsum sella, pituitary hole, even though he helped make the occipital bone in back of the skeleton dates back to clivus'u.
The pituitary fossa with them, front to back and top-down direction, is called the gutter caroiicus sulcus.
Pre-face, nasal cavities, this makes the roof of the rear portion of a top-down:
1) Central line, called spina ethmoidea and ethmoid laminasının transverse joint with the front end of the overhang. Lamina with the same sides of the front end of the sides in a rough section is engaged in joint and extends it with the front edge of the small wings.
2) the middle from top to bottom there is a comb, comb protruding from the rostrum of the lower part is called sphenoideum this crest merges with the back edge of the ethmoid lamina medlana'sının.
3) Rostrum'un holes in them are the sine of the sphenoid.
4) The mass of the sides on the back side of half-cells combined with etmoid'in it is completed the half-cell depressions.
Old face, this face to the back of the nasal cavities of the roof makes it, it is located on the crest is the continuation of rostrum'un down. Wings at the side of the crest on the top of the bottom of the object skeleton vomer enters into vomeris allan.
Rear face, this face, occipital bone, below, are united in the skeleton with pars basialis'i constitute Clivus'u. Here to distinguish between these two bones in the face has kesilişten. With the rear face extends above the dorsum sella.
Side faces; the faces above and below the front and rear wings as the young are born great wings. Side faces of the object lies between the two wings of the cleft and the fissure orbitalis name cerebralis has a wide tip of the içyan.
Small wings, a horizontal position dışyanda two triangular-shaped hill is solid, the base portion of the sphenoid body in front of the two sides are joined kökle. The upper surface of the body in the sphenoid planum roots are thick and extends in front. Rear stem is thinner than the front and sides of the pituitary fossa showed overhang, front klinoid overhang is name. Front and rear, 5 mm between every two roots. in diameter and has a channel length, it passes through the optic nerve canal optic canal is called fasciculi.
Small wing upper surface is flat and kaypaktır the lower side of the upper wall of the orbit is to make the rear part of the hole has opened on the canal fasciculi optici'nin orbit.
The leading edge of the wings is a little rough merges frontalle. And combines with the free edges of the rear projections klinoid içyanda front. Small extends to the tip of the wing tip is thin fissure orbitalis cerebralis'in.
Great wings, sphenoid body in the rear section of the sides, starting from the first back to front, then bottom-up direction, then dışyana içyandan appear. The wings of a bird-like wings of an intracranial kafadışı two sides, there are two sides içyan and dışyan:
Intracranial face; konkavlığı back up and looks at the shows in a cup. Here, a large wing, body side face meets the three hole is aligned front to back:
1) circular, the upper jaw nerve fissure orbitalis cerebralis'in last in this short channel. side just behind the tip.
2) Oval hole, up to an inch behind the Other and a vertical hole in the case, this is a bit dışyamnda nerve and artery from within the lower jaw passes meningica accessoria.
3) Small round hole (foramen spina); Oval 2-3 inches behind the hole and is dışyamnda meningica media passes through the artery.
Each of the three holes that appear when the other two holes are more than occasionally encountered:
1) in front of the hole and içyanında oval hole in the Vesalius.
2) Arnauld içyamnda channel and the back of the oval hole. An anastomotic vein from one of these, a small nerve passes from second.
Kafadışı side, one facing forward and inward in the form of rectangles, the other is top-down and forward and back to front, dışyana and forward-facing direction, then looking down from front to back direction, and shows two different face. The first of these faces alae orbitalis magna facies occurs in the wall of the orbit dışyan help. This rectangular-shaped face to face with the bottom edge of the ledge but this process is the boundary between pterygoideus'la the bottom edge makes the top edge of the fissure orbitalis sphenoma-xillarisin. This is the front edge of the back edge of the face the top edge of the frontal orbitalis'inin facies, with the edges of the back of the zygomatic bone facies orbitalis'i eklemleşir; the back edge of the bottom edge of the fissure orbitalis makes cerebralis'in.
The length of the second face of the so-called transverse crest crested infratemperalis divided into two, the upper part of the fossa to help temperalls'i; sub-section makes the ceiling of the fossa infratemporalisin infratemporalistir facies.
Borders, one of the older wing of the inner edge of the outer side of the two are:
Submarginal i d i look to the front to back, before doing this after the bottom edge of the rim fissurc orbitalis cerebralis'in sfencid body joins with the people since then and there, backwards towards the edge of the skeleton that dışyan lacerum'un foramen, and then combined with the temporal pyramis'i seen.
This is the last piece of the edge inwards from front to back and fits in the groove Eustacfıi pipe.
Dışyan edge, a rear-facing up and the moon is in the form combines with temporalrı skuaması.
Large wing leading edges dışyan and içyan parietalis angulus name by merging taper in the temporal araşma parietalle skeleton enters the merger of these two in the rear edge taper with spina ossis sphenoides name skuama part of taking part piramis get between temporal.
Wing overhang; sphenoid body in the bottom and sides and the top side starting two large wings, combined with the root of this ledge and a channel on each stem there are two; wingless object, combining the tab on the root canal pterygoid Vidin, it combines big canada rotundus root canal on.
The front of these two roots are wingless ledge, which makes the skeleton on the back wall of the fossa pterygo-palatina'mn just now mentioned, are two holes in front of the channel.
Pterygoid under the overhang of the roots shows two lamina: the lamina içyan and dışyan. Dışyan thinner than the lamina. These two wings, above the front edges of the rear-facing opening combined with one another in a pit, they do pterygoidea'yı fossa. Semi-sub-sections of both wings diverged and that the skeleton is constituted notch incisura pterygoidea name process of palate bone piramidalis'i close this angle.
The front of the ledge wingless pterygo-palatina'nın the back wall of the fossa to help the skeleton.
Inner side face, a large portion of this side, the rear portion of the skeleton, like the bottom wall of the nasal cavities dışyan and combines with the back edge of the front section laminasının damakkemiğinin vertical. This is ultimately born of the face and upper body in the bone içyana their way towards the underside of the overhang is name processus vaginalis, although it ended in a free body in the bone with the tip of the lamina between the lower side, in deep groove, sometimes it can become a canal (per canal pharyngicys). Processus vaginalis into the bottom of a groove on the channel sometimes wanting pharyngicus that it is called the canal.
Dışyan face, this facial skeleton to the wall of the fossa infratemporalis'm içyan help.
Rear face; Fossa pterygoidea'nın içyanında the boat in the form of this face and the top and down the length of vakandan scafoides çukurcuğa fossa is called.
Limited to the rear edges of the sides laminalarının pterygoid pterygoid pit. Over and above the rear edge of the medial lamina tube fits in the notch Eustache. This is at the lower end of the edge taper also has a bent in the form of the hook facing upward konkavlığı lıamulus pterigoideus that it is called.
External lamina appears on the back edge of the middle part of the taper-shaped bumps are called spurs Civinini.
3) The latter two side mass hanging with them.
1. Vertical lamina; Kalbursu lamina with two unequal parts, the head space above the section of the ridge crest did not mean the rooster comb is called galli, the other part of the skeleton makes it a part of the inner wall of the nasal cavities so that the actual medlana lamina, or lamina is perpendicularis.
Crista galli, is a triangular hill künttür; base of the lamina with kalbursu birleeşir, convex side faces sideways, front and rear edges is curved from top to bottom.
Medlana lamina, is in the form of thin rectangular side faces olukçuklar drama has passed through the blood vessels and nerves. Front top edge of the skeleton, bone-dating to the nose below the above-fronîalin birledir with spina nasalis'i. The front edge of the nose kıkırdaklarından cartilago septodor-salis'in division (septal) with part of the rear edge of the crest above with spenoidea vomerle below the upper edge of the horizontal part of the combine with the ethmoid.
2. Horizontal laminae. To many holes on the name of the lamina was kalbursu. This is the lamina, the length of the rectangle is in the form of the upper side of crista galli in the middle from front to back and separated from each other in the form of two grooves into the base structure. This is the number of holes on the front to the back kalbursu lamina, although it is more in diameter, unlike the front less. Most of them pass through the olfactory nerve fibers.
Only one of the leading galli'nin near the crest, the other winner of this little hole through the dura mater dışyanmda extension of the latter two also ophtalmicus'ım nerve branch passes through the nose. Makes holes in the ceiling of the lower side of lamina Kalbursu nose.
3. Side masses, the masses are hanging on the edges of the side cross-lamina, the gaps between the nose and eye sockets. These masses can be considered properly in non-cubic. In this case, six hundred
said.
Upper face; İçyanda kalbursu is lying with the lamina in the form of pits on the half-cells, combined with full-frontal cells of the same cell do half the other is behind the front two of the top one percent of the outside to the inside back to front in the form of two grooves, channels, combined with a half ahead of half the channel will see there is frontal canal orbito-ethmoideus'u orbitocranialis canal will bring back, they combine the orbital cavity of the head at the level of its upper surface kalbursu lamina.
Pre-face, this facial skeleton and the upper jaw bone with the frontal part of the up unguis'in insider combine with making sense of prominence. This is half a face full of cells into cells that give rise to cells through the anterior ethmoid.
Old face, this face is very narrow and dışyana looks down, front to the back bone of the upper jaw and palate with making sense of the whole cell protrusion into the orbital bone sokulurlar.
Rear face that is associated with the front side of the body in the sphenoid face here at half-cells thus become a complete cell.
Dışyan face, this face is rectangular, and vertically above are slippery, thin bones that make up this face kaypaklığını flat and slide the os planum or name, such as the lamina papyracea orbi-DATE içyan constitute a large part of the wall.
içyan face, this face is very irregular, bent over a team facing the bone lamellae konveksliği içyana born. Içyana Dışyandan right upper and middle boynuzcuk own name on them are bending the bone lamellae. Both are adjacent to the upper edge of boynuzcuk with sticks even though the other side face of the ethmoid lateral mass are free içyan skeleton found in the wall of the nasal cavities dışyan.
Is smaller than the top and back of the upper concha alttakınden, sometimes a little extra on top of the turbinate turbinate can be found in people.
Between the bones of the face side of the masses Boynuzcuk içyan the ranges are called the upper and middle meatus. Ethmoid cells are opened holes in the faces of Meaların dışyan.
Middle mean the front end of the curved sword in the form top to bottom and front to back is called the extension poccessus uncinatus. Narrowing the mouth of the upper jaw bone of the skeleton, this sine kılıçsı ledge below the upper and lower fin is divided into two; attaki, merges with the lower projection of the ethmoid turbinate, the sine of the hole in the top-to-back on the free tip ends incelerek upper jaw. Shows a ridge behind the face of the ledge Kılıçsı dışyan medium mean that it is called a bulla ethmoidea.
Bulla between the middle meatus, ethmoid cells; bulla processus uncinatus and the separation between the half-moon shaped back and looking up Six feet (semilunaris hiatus), below the front of the ethmoid sinus cells nıaxillaris'in narrowed part of the skeleton with the hole; hiatus at the top semüunaris'in frontalis'i sinus or naso-frontal canal infundlbulum medium meaya combine and the path name that appears on the cone-shaped hole in the ethmoid cells open.
Skull base, middle section, in front of etmoid'le frontal'in oecipital'in temporal'le behind the bone, with a single view of the front wings open like a bat. This is one medium piece of bone, body (corpus), the two sides and a bottom, there are three double overhang. We are here, respectively: 1) body (corpus), 2) small wings, 3) big wings, 4) will review the wingless overhang.
1) sphenoid body, irregular, and the cubic body has six face.
The upper face, transverse to the groove in the middle of this side is called the sulcus opticus that the end of this sülcus'un on both sides, with stretches optic canal fasciculi. This groove upper face of the object is allocated to two, the front of the cross section is flat and rectangular in the form of name sphenoideum is my plan, this flat area extends yanlan small wings, called the planum sphenoideus linibus aside from the sulcus.
The upper part of the face behind the groove shows that if the form of a cup in the pituitary fossa hypophiseos or the Turks settled in this pit called Saddle. Sulcus opticus transverse ridge behind the front of this pit is called tubercle sella. The two sides of the small ledge in the middle tubercle transverse process of the sphenoid or sella medius is called overhang. Sınırlatan has a rear overhang of the upper turcica'yı sella. Transverse case, the two ends of the ledge or the process of klinoid rear overhangs takes dorsi sella name. The front overhang of the cross name dorsum sella, pituitary hole, even though he helped make the occipital bone in back of the skeleton dates back to clivus'u.
The pituitary fossa with them, front to back and top-down direction, is called the gutter caroiicus sulcus.
Pre-face, nasal cavities, this makes the roof of the rear portion of a top-down:
1) Central line, called spina ethmoidea and ethmoid laminasının transverse joint with the front end of the overhang. Lamina with the same sides of the front end of the sides in a rough section is engaged in joint and extends it with the front edge of the small wings.
2) the middle from top to bottom there is a comb, comb protruding from the rostrum of the lower part is called sphenoideum this crest merges with the back edge of the ethmoid lamina medlana'sının.
3) Rostrum'un holes in them are the sine of the sphenoid.
4) The mass of the sides on the back side of half-cells combined with etmoid'in it is completed the half-cell depressions.
Old face, this face to the back of the nasal cavities of the roof makes it, it is located on the crest is the continuation of rostrum'un down. Wings at the side of the crest on the top of the bottom of the object skeleton vomer enters into vomeris allan.
Rear face, this face, occipital bone, below, are united in the skeleton with pars basialis'i constitute Clivus'u. Here to distinguish between these two bones in the face has kesilişten. With the rear face extends above the dorsum sella.
Side faces; the faces above and below the front and rear wings as the young are born great wings. Side faces of the object lies between the two wings of the cleft and the fissure orbitalis name cerebralis has a wide tip of the içyan.
Small wings, a horizontal position dışyanda two triangular-shaped hill is solid, the base portion of the sphenoid body in front of the two sides are joined kökle. The upper surface of the body in the sphenoid planum roots are thick and extends in front. Rear stem is thinner than the front and sides of the pituitary fossa showed overhang, front klinoid overhang is name. Front and rear, 5 mm between every two roots. in diameter and has a channel length, it passes through the optic nerve canal optic canal is called fasciculi.
Small wing upper surface is flat and kaypaktır the lower side of the upper wall of the orbit is to make the rear part of the hole has opened on the canal fasciculi optici'nin orbit.
The leading edge of the wings is a little rough merges frontalle. And combines with the free edges of the rear projections klinoid içyanda front. Small extends to the tip of the wing tip is thin fissure orbitalis cerebralis'in.
Great wings, sphenoid body in the rear section of the sides, starting from the first back to front, then bottom-up direction, then dışyana içyandan appear. The wings of a bird-like wings of an intracranial kafadışı two sides, there are two sides içyan and dışyan:
Intracranial face; konkavlığı back up and looks at the shows in a cup. Here, a large wing, body side face meets the three hole is aligned front to back:
1) circular, the upper jaw nerve fissure orbitalis cerebralis'in last in this short channel. side just behind the tip.
2) Oval hole, up to an inch behind the Other and a vertical hole in the case, this is a bit dışyamnda nerve and artery from within the lower jaw passes meningica accessoria.
3) Small round hole (foramen spina); Oval 2-3 inches behind the hole and is dışyamnda meningica media passes through the artery.
Each of the three holes that appear when the other two holes are more than occasionally encountered:
1) in front of the hole and içyanında oval hole in the Vesalius.
2) Arnauld içyamnda channel and the back of the oval hole. An anastomotic vein from one of these, a small nerve passes from second.
Kafadışı side, one facing forward and inward in the form of rectangles, the other is top-down and forward and back to front, dışyana and forward-facing direction, then looking down from front to back direction, and shows two different face. The first of these faces alae orbitalis magna facies occurs in the wall of the orbit dışyan help. This rectangular-shaped face to face with the bottom edge of the ledge but this process is the boundary between pterygoideus'la the bottom edge makes the top edge of the fissure orbitalis sphenoma-xillarisin. This is the front edge of the back edge of the face the top edge of the frontal orbitalis'inin facies, with the edges of the back of the zygomatic bone facies orbitalis'i eklemleşir; the back edge of the bottom edge of the fissure orbitalis makes cerebralis'in.
The length of the second face of the so-called transverse crest crested infratemperalis divided into two, the upper part of the fossa to help temperalls'i; sub-section makes the ceiling of the fossa infratemporalisin infratemporalistir facies.
Borders, one of the older wing of the inner edge of the outer side of the two are:
Submarginal i d i look to the front to back, before doing this after the bottom edge of the rim fissurc orbitalis cerebralis'in sfencid body joins with the people since then and there, backwards towards the edge of the skeleton that dışyan lacerum'un foramen, and then combined with the temporal pyramis'i seen.
This is the last piece of the edge inwards from front to back and fits in the groove Eustacfıi pipe.
Dışyan edge, a rear-facing up and the moon is in the form combines with temporalrı skuaması.
Large wing leading edges dışyan and içyan parietalis angulus name by merging taper in the temporal araşma parietalle skeleton enters the merger of these two in the rear edge taper with spina ossis sphenoides name skuama part of taking part piramis get between temporal.
Wing overhang; sphenoid body in the bottom and sides and the top side starting two large wings, combined with the root of this ledge and a channel on each stem there are two; wingless object, combining the tab on the root canal pterygoid Vidin, it combines big canada rotundus root canal on.
The front of these two roots are wingless ledge, which makes the skeleton on the back wall of the fossa pterygo-palatina'mn just now mentioned, are two holes in front of the channel.
Pterygoid under the overhang of the roots shows two lamina: the lamina içyan and dışyan. Dışyan thinner than the lamina. These two wings, above the front edges of the rear-facing opening combined with one another in a pit, they do pterygoidea'yı fossa. Semi-sub-sections of both wings diverged and that the skeleton is constituted notch incisura pterygoidea name process of palate bone piramidalis'i close this angle.
The front of the ledge wingless pterygo-palatina'nın the back wall of the fossa to help the skeleton.
Inner side face, a large portion of this side, the rear portion of the skeleton, like the bottom wall of the nasal cavities dışyan and combines with the back edge of the front section laminasının damakkemiğinin vertical. This is ultimately born of the face and upper body in the bone içyana their way towards the underside of the overhang is name processus vaginalis, although it ended in a free body in the bone with the tip of the lamina between the lower side, in deep groove, sometimes it can become a canal (per canal pharyngicys). Processus vaginalis into the bottom of a groove on the channel sometimes wanting pharyngicus that it is called the canal.
Dışyan face, this facial skeleton to the wall of the fossa infratemporalis'm içyan help.
Rear face; Fossa pterygoidea'nın içyanında the boat in the form of this face and the top and down the length of vakandan scafoides çukurcuğa fossa is called.
Limited to the rear edges of the sides laminalarının pterygoid pterygoid pit. Over and above the rear edge of the medial lamina tube fits in the notch Eustache. This is at the lower end of the edge taper also has a bent in the form of the hook facing upward konkavlığı lıamulus pterigoideus that it is called.
External lamina appears on the back edge of the middle part of the taper-shaped bumps are called spurs Civinini.
3) The latter two side mass hanging with them.
1. Vertical lamina; Kalbursu lamina with two unequal parts, the head space above the section of the ridge crest did not mean the rooster comb is called galli, the other part of the skeleton makes it a part of the inner wall of the nasal cavities so that the actual medlana lamina, or lamina is perpendicularis.
Crista galli, is a triangular hill künttür; base of the lamina with kalbursu birleeşir, convex side faces sideways, front and rear edges is curved from top to bottom.
Medlana lamina, is in the form of thin rectangular side faces olukçuklar drama has passed through the blood vessels and nerves. Front top edge of the skeleton, bone-dating to the nose below the above-fronîalin birledir with spina nasalis'i. The front edge of the nose kıkırdaklarından cartilago septodor-salis'in division (septal) with part of the rear edge of the crest above with spenoidea vomerle below the upper edge of the horizontal part of the combine with the ethmoid.
2. Horizontal laminae. To many holes on the name of the lamina was kalbursu. This is the lamina, the length of the rectangle is in the form of the upper side of crista galli in the middle from front to back and separated from each other in the form of two grooves into the base structure. This is the number of holes on the front to the back kalbursu lamina, although it is more in diameter, unlike the front less. Most of them pass through the olfactory nerve fibers.
Only one of the leading galli'nin near the crest, the other winner of this little hole through the dura mater dışyanmda extension of the latter two also ophtalmicus'ım nerve branch passes through the nose. Makes holes in the ceiling of the lower side of lamina Kalbursu nose.
3. Side masses, the masses are hanging on the edges of the side cross-lamina, the gaps between the nose and eye sockets. These masses can be considered properly in non-cubic. In this case, six hundred
said.
Upper face; İçyanda kalbursu is lying with the lamina in the form of pits on the half-cells, combined with full-frontal cells of the same cell do half the other is behind the front two of the top one percent of the outside to the inside back to front in the form of two grooves, channels, combined with a half ahead of half the channel will see there is frontal canal orbito-ethmoideus'u orbitocranialis canal will bring back, they combine the orbital cavity of the head at the level of its upper surface kalbursu lamina.
Pre-face, this facial skeleton and the upper jaw bone with the frontal part of the up unguis'in insider combine with making sense of prominence. This is half a face full of cells into cells that give rise to cells through the anterior ethmoid.
Old face, this face is very narrow and dışyana looks down, front to the back bone of the upper jaw and palate with making sense of the whole cell protrusion into the orbital bone sokulurlar.
Rear face that is associated with the front side of the body in the sphenoid face here at half-cells thus become a complete cell.
Dışyan face, this face is rectangular, and vertically above are slippery, thin bones that make up this face kaypaklığını flat and slide the os planum or name, such as the lamina papyracea orbi-DATE içyan constitute a large part of the wall.
içyan face, this face is very irregular, bent over a team facing the bone lamellae konveksliği içyana born. Içyana Dışyandan right upper and middle boynuzcuk own name on them are bending the bone lamellae. Both are adjacent to the upper edge of boynuzcuk with sticks even though the other side face of the ethmoid lateral mass are free içyan skeleton found in the wall of the nasal cavities dışyan.
Is smaller than the top and back of the upper concha alttakınden, sometimes a little extra on top of the turbinate turbinate can be found in people.
Between the bones of the face side of the masses Boynuzcuk içyan the ranges are called the upper and middle meatus. Ethmoid cells are opened holes in the faces of Meaların dışyan.
Middle mean the front end of the curved sword in the form top to bottom and front to back is called the extension poccessus uncinatus. Narrowing the mouth of the upper jaw bone of the skeleton, this sine kılıçsı ledge below the upper and lower fin is divided into two; attaki, merges with the lower projection of the ethmoid turbinate, the sine of the hole in the top-to-back on the free tip ends incelerek upper jaw. Shows a ridge behind the face of the ledge Kılıçsı dışyan medium mean that it is called a bulla ethmoidea.
Bulla between the middle meatus, ethmoid cells; bulla processus uncinatus and the separation between the half-moon shaped back and looking up Six feet (semilunaris hiatus), below the front of the ethmoid sinus cells nıaxillaris'in narrowed part of the skeleton with the hole; hiatus at the top semüunaris'in frontalis'i sinus or naso-frontal canal infundlbulum medium meaya combine and the path name that appears on the cone-shaped hole in the ethmoid cells open.
Skull bones
Head Bones
Head, based on the upper end of the spine, back in front of the large, oval shaped part of the skeleton. All the bones in the lower jaw bones that make up the informal He is united with each other, not play, this merger is with eklemleşme sinartros group.
The head, divided into two parts:
1) head; the bone cavity tümbeyin containing 8,
2) Face; are 14 bones, have occurred.
(In this section, in between the bones of the head, location, number and shapes of different bones as soon as the little worm.)
Skull bones, skull bone
There are 8 bones in the head, 4 ü ortaca is unique, and the two sides even. The only ones in the middle, and back to front:
1) occipital bone (occipital)
2) wedge, or the basic bone (sphenoid)
3) Kalbursu bone (ethmoid)
4) get the bone (frontal)
Sides, and double ones:
1) Wall or peripheral bone (parietal)
2) Temporal bone (temporal)
Occipital bone
The back of your head, the lower and middle part, a single and symmetrical bone. Between the temporal and parietal bones in the Atlantic on the bone, sphenoid bone behind. One of the other is the vertical part of this bone there are two horizontal, vertical section of the form of a sphere is part of the sides is reminiscent of an irregular rectangle, the horizontal section in the middle of a large oval shaped, the tip shows a hole in the back. Through this hole, called a large hole in occipital, bulb, vertebral arteries, and n. accessorus'un through the roots. 35mm front to back width of 30 mm. The diameter of this hole, channel, combines the head space of the spine.
To read this bone, occipital formations around the big hole will be reviewed:
1) front, pars basialis
2) Lateral, pars lateralis
3) At the rear, pars squamalis
1) part of the base, this piece is in the form of rectangular thick and wider than the back forward. Lower on the center line on the 1 / 3 part of the back with a 2 / 3 at the junction of the front piece has a protrusion called the pharyngeal tubercle.
This is a little bit in front of the tubercle, from front to back length, which is pitting the foveal navicularis name. Middle of the line on both sides of some of the muscles of the neck seal off the bone ibikcikleri konkavlığı curvatures are looking forward.
The lower side of the base part of the off-side of the head.
Intracranial part of the upper face of the base (endocranialj face. This indicates that face-to-back and down a groove that is deeper than the front and rear, located in the bulb and the pons, the clivus is called the gutter.
Temporal part of the side edges of the pyramid makes with the base of neighborhood, the front edge, are joined with the sphenoid body. The front edge of the rear edge of the hole in the middle of the occipital side components, such as extending the sides.
2) side-track; occiput with a large hole along the convex side of the track and elliptical kafad i e s, a large ridge axis there are two facing forward and inward so-called occipital The occipital joint make these projections atlasla.
In contrast to the situation on the surface of this atlas lokmalara warning içyandan dışyana convex from front to back, and a narrowing of the show in the middle of the condyles.
Intracranial face, this face, leading to a bulge of the tubercle jugulare name, his or her back through the 9 th, 10 th, and 11 th of nerves passes in a groove, Nervi hypoglossi'nin inside the mouth under the canal, the lower back and outer sides of the sulcus sygmoides'in is part of.
The edges of the side parts, the inner edge of the hole on the sides of occipital borders, the inner edge than outer edge is a long and intricate process of condyles at the level of dışyan jugularis name of the ridge is divided into two parts. The rear section is pürtükîü I. combines the temporal mastoid process. Taking the front part of the name of the foramen jugularis incusura. jugulare'nin içyan shows to make up a notch.
Foramen jugulare, the temporal incisura jugularis piramis piece name is a hole in the notch between occipital'in inc'sura jugularis. This is a rather large hole in the bone of both the process of insizur intrajugularis many times over the name of the two bones are divided into two parts, with dikenciği. Vena jugularis interna the rear parts of the front parts 9, 10, 11 th through the nerves.
3) Sedefsi track, this track wide, flat and lozenge form, both sides, has four sides and four angles.
Kafadışı face, this percentage over the center line and center, there is a ledge above rough; occipital area of the outer protrusion name below and forward this projection, the occipital crest is seen as a large hole.
External occipital and occipital external ibiğinin çıkıntısından cross from side to side as the middle two lines are seen. Line of the upper neck to the outer side of these advances mastoide; neck after going to the bottom line on the sides for a while and transverse process of winding down and the forward ends jugularis.
These two are not equal gençlikçe from neck line. The lines between the adhesion to the surface of neck muscles.
Intracranial face, this face again in the middle on the middle line shows a bulge. External occipital ridge is wider than the fluffy and the projection:
1) the two groove sideways, 2) the other a groove vertically upwards, 3) down to begin a bone comb.
Side-grooves, sulcus transversus dışyana içyandan name is located, and a little above the edges of the advancing down the track sedefsi transverse direction.
Is the vertical groove down the name of advancing the vertical crest, internal occipital crest occipital crest, which is called before the two branches after leaving a large hole in the side edges of this hole will be lost.
The groove width and vertical comb, the face of intracranial skuama'nın separates four pit. This pits the top two of the fossa occipitalis cerebralis; bottom holes are also called the fossa occipitalis cerebellaris.
Edges; Skuamanın upper side edges of the parietal bones combined with the lower side edges of the lambdoid suture combined with the temporal mastoid process.
Angles; side angles of temporal bone mastoid angle of the ledge they fit together, this point is asterion name.
The merger of the two parietal angle encounters occurred in the upper corner. Lower angle, occiput large hole in the middle of the back edge of the side pieces combined disappeared.
Head, based on the upper end of the spine, back in front of the large, oval shaped part of the skeleton. All the bones in the lower jaw bones that make up the informal He is united with each other, not play, this merger is with eklemleşme sinartros group.
The head, divided into two parts:
1) head; the bone cavity tümbeyin containing 8,
2) Face; are 14 bones, have occurred.
(In this section, in between the bones of the head, location, number and shapes of different bones as soon as the little worm.)
Skull bones, skull bone
There are 8 bones in the head, 4 ü ortaca is unique, and the two sides even. The only ones in the middle, and back to front:
1) occipital bone (occipital)
2) wedge, or the basic bone (sphenoid)
3) Kalbursu bone (ethmoid)
4) get the bone (frontal)
Sides, and double ones:
1) Wall or peripheral bone (parietal)
2) Temporal bone (temporal)
Occipital bone
The back of your head, the lower and middle part, a single and symmetrical bone. Between the temporal and parietal bones in the Atlantic on the bone, sphenoid bone behind. One of the other is the vertical part of this bone there are two horizontal, vertical section of the form of a sphere is part of the sides is reminiscent of an irregular rectangle, the horizontal section in the middle of a large oval shaped, the tip shows a hole in the back. Through this hole, called a large hole in occipital, bulb, vertebral arteries, and n. accessorus'un through the roots. 35mm front to back width of 30 mm. The diameter of this hole, channel, combines the head space of the spine.
To read this bone, occipital formations around the big hole will be reviewed:
1) front, pars basialis
2) Lateral, pars lateralis
3) At the rear, pars squamalis
1) part of the base, this piece is in the form of rectangular thick and wider than the back forward. Lower on the center line on the 1 / 3 part of the back with a 2 / 3 at the junction of the front piece has a protrusion called the pharyngeal tubercle.
This is a little bit in front of the tubercle, from front to back length, which is pitting the foveal navicularis name. Middle of the line on both sides of some of the muscles of the neck seal off the bone ibikcikleri konkavlığı curvatures are looking forward.
The lower side of the base part of the off-side of the head.
Intracranial part of the upper face of the base (endocranialj face. This indicates that face-to-back and down a groove that is deeper than the front and rear, located in the bulb and the pons, the clivus is called the gutter.
Temporal part of the side edges of the pyramid makes with the base of neighborhood, the front edge, are joined with the sphenoid body. The front edge of the rear edge of the hole in the middle of the occipital side components, such as extending the sides.
2) side-track; occiput with a large hole along the convex side of the track and elliptical kafad i e s, a large ridge axis there are two facing forward and inward so-called occipital The occipital joint make these projections atlasla.
In contrast to the situation on the surface of this atlas lokmalara warning içyandan dışyana convex from front to back, and a narrowing of the show in the middle of the condyles.
Intracranial face, this face, leading to a bulge of the tubercle jugulare name, his or her back through the 9 th, 10 th, and 11 th of nerves passes in a groove, Nervi hypoglossi'nin inside the mouth under the canal, the lower back and outer sides of the sulcus sygmoides'in is part of.
The edges of the side parts, the inner edge of the hole on the sides of occipital borders, the inner edge than outer edge is a long and intricate process of condyles at the level of dışyan jugularis name of the ridge is divided into two parts. The rear section is pürtükîü I. combines the temporal mastoid process. Taking the front part of the name of the foramen jugularis incusura. jugulare'nin içyan shows to make up a notch.
Foramen jugulare, the temporal incisura jugularis piramis piece name is a hole in the notch between occipital'in inc'sura jugularis. This is a rather large hole in the bone of both the process of insizur intrajugularis many times over the name of the two bones are divided into two parts, with dikenciği. Vena jugularis interna the rear parts of the front parts 9, 10, 11 th through the nerves.
3) Sedefsi track, this track wide, flat and lozenge form, both sides, has four sides and four angles.
Kafadışı face, this percentage over the center line and center, there is a ledge above rough; occipital area of the outer protrusion name below and forward this projection, the occipital crest is seen as a large hole.
External occipital and occipital external ibiğinin çıkıntısından cross from side to side as the middle two lines are seen. Line of the upper neck to the outer side of these advances mastoide; neck after going to the bottom line on the sides for a while and transverse process of winding down and the forward ends jugularis.
These two are not equal gençlikçe from neck line. The lines between the adhesion to the surface of neck muscles.
Intracranial face, this face again in the middle on the middle line shows a bulge. External occipital ridge is wider than the fluffy and the projection:
1) the two groove sideways, 2) the other a groove vertically upwards, 3) down to begin a bone comb.
Side-grooves, sulcus transversus dışyana içyandan name is located, and a little above the edges of the advancing down the track sedefsi transverse direction.
Is the vertical groove down the name of advancing the vertical crest, internal occipital crest occipital crest, which is called before the two branches after leaving a large hole in the side edges of this hole will be lost.
The groove width and vertical comb, the face of intracranial skuama'nın separates four pit. This pits the top two of the fossa occipitalis cerebralis; bottom holes are also called the fossa occipitalis cerebellaris.
Edges; Skuamanın upper side edges of the parietal bones combined with the lower side edges of the lambdoid suture combined with the temporal mastoid process.
Angles; side angles of temporal bone mastoid angle of the ledge they fit together, this point is asterion name.
The merger of the two parietal angle encounters occurred in the upper corner. Lower angle, occiput large hole in the middle of the back edge of the side pieces combined disappeared.
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