Epidemiology of Stomach Cancer

Epidemiology


With more than a million new cases of stomach cancer worldwide each year, the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Since 1940, the decreasing incidence of stomach cancer in Western countries, despite the South and Central America, the Far Eastern countries still remain highly stable.


Stomach cancer incidence in various regions of the world are different, for example, Japan, Chile and Iceland, are extremely high. Most northerners stomach cancer in the United States, the incidence of the poor, and approximately 8/100.000 is seen in blacks' and dropped to seventh in terms of frequency of cancer-related causes of death. However, the incidence has fallen in Japan, though, is still the most common malignancy. The incidence increases with age, patients> 50 years of age is above 75%.


1.4-1.7 times more common in men than women (14). More than 2 times the incidence in men after age 50, while the younger age group, male / female ratio is equal to


Men in terms of gastric cardia tumors than women are affected more than 5-fold (17). In general, the incidence rates of stomach cancer in countries with higher life expectancy than countries with low incidence rates are quite good


Stomach cancer is the first of gastrointestinal cancers in Turkey. According to the Ministry of Health of stomach cancer in men around Erzurum and Van, the first place, takes second place in women (4). However, in Turkey immediately after the bronchial cancers are the most common type of cancer (14). The incidence of stomach cancer, the most common east of Turkey, the lowest seen in the west. This incidence of 9.6 vaka/100.000 men, women are the 5.7/100.000


Etiology


etiology have been kept in charge of many reasons why the majority of patients with identifiable significant risk factor identified. Feature is a multifactorial disease with environmental and genetic factors. Epidemiological data revealed that different aetiological factors for proximal and distal cancers. Gastroesophageal reflux in the etiology of cardia cancer in the foreground, while the non-cardia cancers as mentioned above, many more factors (diet, environmental, genetic predisposition, etc.) are a result of the interaction.


Diet: Gastric cancer and diet has been known all along that the relationship between the direct and important. Extremely hot food, preserved, smoked, canned and salted food consumption, water contamination with nitrates, Helicobacter pylori infection, less consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables are common in high-risk areas. Formed by intestinal metaplasia in the stomach, causing stomach cancer shown to prevent uptake of foodstuffs that contain nitrates and nitrites from food, especially high-risk areas can be a preventative measure. People who eat plenty of fruit and vegetables decreased rate of cancer development. The high rate of stomach cancer have been reported to consume less


The rising incidence of obesity in the United States junction, and stomach cancers of the proximal region has contributed to the increase in the frequency. High body mass index, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and increased calorie consumption was associated with the distal esophagus and gastric cardia



b) Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection: adenocarcinoma of the stomach corpus and antrum of Hp has a strong relationship between chronic infection.